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Disorders of High Level Functions: Amnesia, Aphasia, and Prosopagnosia

Disorders of High Level Functions: Amnesia, Aphasia, and Prosopagnosia. Arielle Tambini SPLASH November 21, 2004 MIT Braintrust. Memory. Explicit/semantic Implicit/episodic Long-term Short-term. Amnesia. Causes Retrograde Anterograde Transient global. HM . Epilepsy treatment

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Disorders of High Level Functions: Amnesia, Aphasia, and Prosopagnosia

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  1. Disorders of High Level Functions: Amnesia, Aphasia, and Prosopagnosia Arielle Tambini SPLASH November 21, 2004 MIT Braintrust

  2. Memory • Explicit/semantic • Implicit/episodic • Long-term • Short-term

  3. Amnesia • Causes • Retrograde • Anterograde • Transient global

  4. HM • Epilepsy treatment • Anterograde amnesia • Long-term explicit memory deficits • Short-term intact • “You just remember 8. You see 5, 8, 4 add to 17. You remember 8; subtract from 17 and it leaves 9. Divide 9 by half and you get 5 and 4, and there you are – 584.”

  5. Temporal-lobe Amnesia • Intact implicit memories • Blinking study • Motor tasks • Computer programming • Role of hippocampus • Imaging studies

  6. Episodic memory deficits • Developmental • Loss of blood flow • Bilateral hippocampal damage • Prefrontal damage • “Childhood amnesia” • Aging • Korsakoff’s syndrome

  7. Aphasia • Definition • Left hemisphere • Causes • History

  8. Broca’s/nonfluent aphasia • Characteristics • Anomia • Short sentences • Language comprehension • Broca’s area • Theories of function

  9. Broca’s/nonfluent aphasia “I asked Mr. Ford about his work before he entered the hospital. ‘I’m a sig… no… man… uh, well,… again.” These words were emitted slowly, and with great effort. The sounds were not clearly articulated; each syllable was uttered harshly, explosively, in a throaty voice. With practice, it was possible to understand him, but at first I encountered considerable difficulty with this. ‘Let me help you,’ I interjected. ‘You were a signal…” ‘A signal man… right,’ ‘Were you in the Coast Guard?’ ‘No, er, yes, yes... Ship… Massachu… chusetts… Coastguard… years.’ He raised his hands twice, indicating the number 19.

  10. Wernicke’s/fluent aphasia • Characteristics • Comprehension and production loss • Speech • “Nothing the keesereez the, these are davereez and these and this one and these are living. This one’s right in and these are … uh… and that’s nothing, that’s nothing.” • Wernicke’s area • Normal function

  11. Aphasias • Broca’s vs. Wernicke’s • Apraxia (action) • Agnosia (perception) • Other areas • Severity • Onset

  12. Aphasias • Handedness • Language localization • Recovery • Bilingual aphasics • Deafness and aphasia? • Plasticity

  13. Agnosia • Definition • Prosopagnosia • Causes • Intact object recognition • Recognition of face

  14. Prosopagnosia • Face perception • Fusiform Face Area (FFA) • Holistic processing • Expertise • Greeble training

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