Imperialism in Asia

1. Imperialism in Asia

2. Europeans had long been interested in the riches of the Orient, especially after the Portuguese explorer Vasco da Gama proved it was possible to travel by sea around Africa to India. [Image source: http://www.thornr.demon.co.uk/kchrist/vasco.gif]

3. Sir Robert Clive, an agent of the British East India Company, was instrumental in positioning Great Britain to seize all of the Indian sub-continent. [Image source: http://opioids.com/opium/robert-clive.gif]

4. His defeat of the French at the Battle of Plassey in 1757 gave the British a free hand in India. [Image source: http://www.sterlingtimes.org/clive_of_india.jpg]

5. Over the next hundred years the British expanded their territory in India through wars and commercial activity. [Image source: http://www.lib.berkeley.edu/SSEAL/echoes/introduction/0_1.jpg]

6. Many Englishmen enjoyed a comfortable life as colonial administrators. [Image source: http://www.artsci.wustl.edu/~ssen/home.jpg]

7. [Image source: http://homepage.tinet.ie/~lawe/IMAGES/FORCLUB05.jpg]

8. The British employed a large number of native troops known as sepoys to control their new realm. [Image source: http://www.sikh-history.com/sikhhist/images/portraits/1860-2.jpg]

9. Between 1857 and 1859 the sepoys mutinied and tried to drive the British out of India. [Image source: http://165.29.91.7/classes/humanities/worldstud/97-98/imper/india/sepoy.jpg]

10. British might prevailed, and India remained part of their empire until 1949. [Image source: http://freespace.virgin.net/andrew.randall1/indiaraj.gif]

11. [http://regentsprep.org/Regents/global/themes/imperialism/images/imperialism.gif][http://regentsprep.org/Regents/global/themes/imperialism/images/imperialism.gif]

12. The British sent out a viceroy to rule as the monarch’s representative in India. [Image source: http://www.petrafineart.net/catalog/volume6/212.jpg]

13. Queen Victoria as Empress [Image source: http://mss.library.nottingham.ac.uk/images/late_news/06_may/portrait2.jpg]

15. Imperialism in China

16. [Image source: http://www.wwnorton.com/college/history/ralph/ralimage/map21chi.jpg] China was a powerful empire in her own right when European explorers arrived during the Age of Discovery.

17. China was ruled by emperors of the Manchu Qing (Ch’ing) Dynasty from 1644 to 1911. [Image source http://www.chinapage.com/emperor/qing1207.jpg]

18. The Qing (Ch’ing) emperors were assisted by a professional bureaucratic corps of Confucian-trained scholars known as mandarins. [Image source: http://www.lcsc.edu/modernchina/images/Linzexu.gif]

19. The mandarins controlled virtually every aspect of Chinese life.

20. Ethnic Han Chinese were expected to shave their foreheads and wear their hair in a long queue as a sign of their subservience to their Manchu overlords.

21. Europeans initially came to exchange goods with the Chinese. [Image source: http://www.eraoftheclipperships.com/images/chinatea.jpg]

22. One of the items the British traded for in large quantity was tea. [Image source: http://news.bbc.co.uk/olmedia/765000/images/_767424_tea150.jpg]

23. Fleets of China clippers plied the high seas, bringing the riches of the Orient to the people of the West.

24. There was little if anything the peopleof the Middle Kingdom wanted fromthe Barbarians of the West. [Image source: http://www.people.fas.harvard.edu/~chgis/btns/zhenjng_banner.jpg]

25. Since the Chinese bought little from the West, a trade imbalance resulted between Britain and China. [Image source: http://www.secure-eleasing.com/testequity/images/balance.gif]

26. British gold and silver flowed into Chinese coffers. [Image source: http://www.money.org/una/georgeiir.jpg]

27. In an effort to reverse this trend,the British began to grow Opiumin India for export to China. [Image source: http://www.sustainablepetaluma.net/films_may-2002/opium-poppypic.jpg]

29. Many Chinese quickly became addicted to opium, and money began to flow back into British coffers. [Image source: http://opioids.com/opium/opiumsmokers.jpg]

30. On a number of different occasions, Chinese authorities seized and destroyed cargoes of opium in an effort to halt the pernicious trade.

31. The British responded with force, resulting in the Opium War of 1839-42. [Image source: http://opioids.com/images/opiumwar.jpg]

32. The Chinese were easily defeated, and the British were able to dictate the terms of the peace treaty. [Image source: http://www.interbulletin.com/cspecial/his/his1.jpg]

33. Results of the Opium Wars • first of a series of unequal treaties between China and foreign powers -five ports opened to British residence and trade -Chinese are treated as second-class citizens in their own country

34. extraterritoriality • immunity from local laws -foreigners had the right to be tried in court by the laws of their own country before a judge from their own country

35. It was at this period that the British acquired a one-hundred-and-fifty year lease of Hong Kong. [Image sourec: http://home.planet.nl/~pbdavis/HongKong.gif]

36. British actions highlighted just how weak China was, and soon other European powers were imposing their will on the Middle Kingdom. [http://www.historywiz.com/images/china/chinaimperialism.gif]

37. Taiping Rebellion(1851-64) • one of the longest, most devastating war in Chinese history • spread rapidly throughout the countryside • was an attempt to overthrow the Qing dynasty

38. Taiping Rebellion(1851-64) • rebel philosophy a fusion of Christianity and traditional beliefs • put-down with aid of Western powers • ravaged country and greatly weakened China

39. In 1884, the French inflicted a series of humiliating defeats on a weakened China. [Image source: http://www.ibiblio.org/pub/multimedia/pictures/asia/vietnam/history/hunghoa.jpg]

40. France acquired control over the tributary states of Tonkin, Annam, and Cochinchina, as well as eventually establishing a sphere-of-influence over southeast China proper. [Image source: http://www.ehistory.com/vietnam/maps/images/018.jpg]

41. Sino-Japanese War(1894-95) • war between China and Japan • hostilities initiated by Japan before war was formally declared

42. Japan used propaganda in the form of art to unify their people and stir up the martial ardor of the nation in its war with China.

43. The commander of the IJS Yoshino, Captain Togo, later commanded the Japanese fleet that defeated the Russian navy at the Battle of Tsushima during the Russo-Japanese War. [Image source: http://www.russojapanesewar.com/gallery/images/Yoshino.jpg]

44. Japan gained influence in Manchuria. Korea gained “independence” under Japanese protection.(It was later annexed to Japanese empire).

45. Formosa China also lost control of the island of Formosa to Japan. Formosa

46. Japanese interests ran afoul of the interests of an expanding Russian Empire, which was in search of warm water ports in the Far East. [Image source: http://www.carto.com/maps/02096208.jpg]

47. Eventually Russia and Japan would fight a brutal war during 1904-05 over control of Manchuria in northeast China. [Image source: http://www.russojapanesewar.com/naval_links.html]

48. During the late-1800s Germany established a sphere-of-influence over Tsingtao in Shantung Province. [Image source: http://www.nwc.navy.mil/press/Review/2000/winter/graphics/Saxon%20map%201.jpg]

49. An Outpost of Tsingtao (Qingdao), the German Stronghold in China [Image source: http://www.lib.byu.edu/estu/wwi/comment/chinawwi/images/China02.jpg]

50. Spheres-of-Influence • region in which an outside power claims exclusive trading rights and privileges (monopoly) • usually along the coast and/or on major rivers • a result of unequal treaties