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Endocrine System

Endocrine System. Overall Functions. Regulatory System Maintains homeostasis internally Responds to environmental changes Growth and development Reproduction. Glands. Exocrine e.g. salivary glands Endocrine e.g. Thyroid gland. Hormone.

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Endocrine System

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  1. Endocrine System

  2. Overall Functions • Regulatory System • Maintains homeostasis internally • Responds to environmental changes • Growth and development • Reproduction

  3. Glands • Exocrine e.g. salivary glands • Endocrine e.g. Thyroid gland

  4. Hormone • Definition: A chemical messenger carried by bloodstream and made by endocrine glands. • Structure • Transport in body

  5. Action of hormones • Target cell • Receptors • Plasma membrane • Within target cell • Second messenger (cAMP) • Activation of genes

  6. Relationships • To other hormones • To nervous system

  7. Controls • Negative Feedback • Releasing hormones and Inhibiting hormones from Hypothalamus

  8. PITUITARY GLAND (Hypophysis) • Location – in sella turcica of sphenoid bone

  9. Hormones of the Adenohypophysis • Gonadotropins • FSH = Follicle Stimulating Hormone • LH/ICSH = Luteinizing hormone in female, Interstitial cell stimulating hormone in male

  10. Adenohypophysis • TSH = Thyroid stimulating hormone • ACTH = Adrenocorticotropic hormone • GH = Growth hormone • Prolactin • MSH = Melanocyte stimulating hormone • (endorphins)

  11. Adenohypophysis • Controls • Inhibiting hormones and Releasing hormones • Brain • Negative feedback

  12. Neurohypophysis • Infundibulum (hypothalamic-hypophyseal tract) • ADH = Antidiuretic hormone = Vasopressin • Oxytocin

  13. Thyroid Gland • Location • Histology • Follicles, colloid • Thyroid hormones

  14. Thyroid hormone • Iodine • T4 (thyroxine – 90%) • T3 (thriiodothyronine – 10%) • TBG (thyroid binding globulin) • Function • Controls

  15. Thyroid Hormone Synthesis • Tyrosine + Iodine  Monoiodotyrosine • + Iodine  Diiodotyrosine • 2 Diiodotyrosine  Tetraiodothyronine = T4 = Thyroxine

  16. Thyroid Hormone Synthesis • 1 Diiodotyrosine + 1 mono…  Triiodothyronine = T3

  17. Thyroid gland • Calcitonin • Parafollicular (C) Cells • Decreases Ca and P • Controls

  18. Parathyroid glands • Location • PTH (Parathromone) • Increases Ca and decreases P • Controls

  19. Adrenal gland • Location • Adrenal Medulla • Chromaffin cells • Epinephrine (80%) • Norepinephrine (20%) • Action • Release

  20. Adrenal gland • Adrenal Cortex • Mineralocorticoids • Zona glomerulosa • Aldosterone (90%) • Na reabsorption, K excretion in kidneys

  21. Aldosterone • Release/Controls • Renin, Angiotensin • K/Na levels • ACTH, CRH

  22. Adrenal cortex • Glucocorticoids • Zona fasciculata • Conserves and supplements energy • Anti-inflammatory • Release/Controls • ACTH, CRH, • Stress

  23. Adrenal cortex • Sex hormones • Zona reticularis

  24. Pancreas • Location • Endocrine AND Exocrine • Pancreatic islets = Islets of Langerhans

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