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The Respiratory System

This comprehensive overview of the respiratory system covers essential anatomy, including the nose, nasal septum, paranasal sinuses, trachea, bronchial tree, and lungs. It delves into respiratory terminology and common conditions such as COPD, asthma, and pneumonia, along with symptoms like dyspnea and hypoxia. Diagnostic and treatment procedures, including bronchoscopy and thoracostomy, are also discussed. Understanding these aspects is crucial for healthcare professionals and anyone interested in respiratory health.

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The Respiratory System

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  1. The Respiratory System Medical Terminology

  2. Nose Nasal septum Olfactory receptors Paranasal Sinuses Frontal Maxillary Ethmoid Sphenoid Pharynx Nasopharynx Oropharynx Uvula Laryngopharynx Larynx Glottis Epiglottis Thyroid cartilage Structures of the Upper Respiratory System

  3. Trachea (windpipe) Bronchial Tree Alveoli (alveolus= belly) Lungs Lobes ----- R=3; L=2 Respiratory membrane See next slide Mediastinum Also called: interpleural space Pleura (see next slide) Parietal pleura Visceral pleura Pleural space Diaphragm Phrenic nerve Structures of the Lower Respiratory System

  4. Eupnea note: -pnea = breathing Tachypnea Bradypnea Apnea SIDS Dyspnea DOE Hyperpnea Hypopnea Hyperventilation Anoxia Hypoxia Hypercapnea Cyanosis Terminology of Respiratory System

  5. Nose = nas/o or rhin/o Trachea = trache/o Lungs = pneum/o ; pneumon/o; pulmon/o Ventilation Respiration External respiration Inspiration = active Expiration = passive Internal respiration Terminology of Respiratory System

  6. COPD Chronic bronchitis Asthma Bronchiectasis Emphysema Pneumoconioses (coni/o = dust) Asbestosis Anthracosis (black lung) Silicosis Berylliosis Byssinosis These cause pulmonary fibrosis URI’s Rhinitis (rhinorrhea) Pharyngitis Laryngitis Aphonia & dysphonia Pertussis Croup Epistaxis Pleurisy Pleural effusion Hemoptysis Compare to hematemesis Pathology of Respiratory System

  7. Pathology of Respiratory System • Respiratory distress syndrome • Pulmonary edema • Atelectasis • TB (tuberculosis) • Pneumonia • Also called pneumonitis • Cystic fibrosis • Pneumothorax • Hemothorax

  8. Bronchoscopy Spirometry Skin tests PPD Mantoux Tine Chest Imaging X-ray CAT MRI Scans Thoracentesis Thoracostomy Thoracotomy Pneumonectomy Tracheostomy Diagnostic & Treatment Procedures

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