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Exploring Heat, Work, and Energy Conservation in Thermodynamics

This informative article delves into the principles of heat and work within the framework of thermodynamics. It covers key concepts such as the Second Law of Thermodynamics, energy efficiency, and innovative solutions to energy problems, including smart buildings, superconductive cables, and renewable energy generation with solar cells and wind. By examining heat engines, heat pumps, and the practicalities of Ocean Thermal Energy Conversion (OTEC), readers will gain a comprehensive understanding of energy conservation, entropy, and the physics of heat transfer.

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Exploring Heat, Work, and Energy Conservation in Thermodynamics

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Presentation Transcript

  1. Heat and Work: Part 2 • Conservation of Energy • Heat Engines • Second Law of Thermodynamics • Energy Efficiency • OTEC

  2. Energy in the News • Possible solutions to Energy Problems • 1) Smart Buildings and Machines • 2) Superconductive Cables • 3) Fewer Phantom Loads • 4) Distributed Generation • A) Solar Cells • B) Wind • C) Diesel Generators • D) Microturbines • E) Fuel Cells

  3. Equilibrium of Heat Loss

  4. Heat Loss • Hypothermia-what causes it? Basic physics • Lakes-ice and summer warmth. Why retained? • Space blankets-very thin-what do they do? • Why cold when standing near a window in winter? • Why warm near a fire?

  5. Heat Engines

  6. Two basic types of heat engines • What are they?

  7. Vapor or Rankine Cycle • Steam engines • Heat pumps

  8. Gas Cycle • Automobiles (Internal Combustion) • Jet Engines (External Combustion) • Where is the fuel burned? • What does the force from burning move?

  9. Ocean Thermal Energy Conversion

  10. Practicalities of OTEC • Maximum Efficiency (Carnot efficiency) • =100% * ( Thigh-Tlow)/Thigh • T in degrees Kelvin • What is more efficient? • Thermal engines with large or small temperature differences? • When will it be 100% efficient?

  11. Second Law of Thermodynamics • Entropy (Disorder) always increases Unless energy is added • Examples: • Kids room • Spontaneous heat flow (Hot to Cold yes, never cold to hot) • Waste Heat is always present

  12. Ideal Case • A completely reversible process • Do common heat engines use reversible processes, why or why not?

  13. Heat Pumps-How They Cool

  14. Why Pump from Ground Rather Than Air?

  15. Heat Pump in Winter

  16. Why Do Animals Burrow ?

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