Positive Parenting Program

1. Positive Parenting Program Laura Lamkin

2. What is Triple P? • Multi-level parenting and family support strategy • System of parenting interventions • The goals of Triple P are: • To promote the independence and health of families by enhancing parents' knowledge, skills and confidence. • To promote the development of non-violent, protective and nurturing environments for children. • To promote the development, growth, health and social competencies of children and young people. • To reduce the incidence of child abuse, mental illness, behavioral problems, delinquency and homelessness. • To enhance the competence, resourcefulness and self-sufficiency of parents in raising their children.

3. Who is Triple P for? • Program can be administered by • organizations serving families • governmental agencies and initiatives • communities • counties • states • Targets the developmental periods of infancy, toddlerhood, pre-school, elementary school, and adolescence • Interventions can be used for broad population or targeting only high-risk children

4. Pros of Triple P • Flexible formats and delivery • Addresses differing needs and desires of parents regarding the type, intensity, and mode of assistance they may require • Designed to maximize efficiency and contain costs • Accepted by a diverse range of cultural groups • Translated to languages like Spanish, Arabic, & Mandarin; used with indigenous groups in Australia

5. Theoretical Basis • Based on social learning, cognitive-behavioral, and developmental theory • Draws from research into risk and protective factors associated with the development of social and behavioral problems in children

6. Levels of Triple P • Includes 5 levels of increasing strength for parents of children from birth to age 16 • Range from brief information resources like tip sheets and videos to more intensive parent training targeting issues like conflict and stress

7. Levels of Triple P

8. Level 1: Universal Triple P • Media-based parent information campaign • Television series, newspaper column, radio interviews, community service announcements, telephone information line • Targets all parents interested in information about child care • Can be developed for national, state or local community access • How parents can promote their child’s development and deal with common child-rearing issues • Helps to normalize and destigmatize parenting difficulties and prompts parents to seek help

9. Level 2: Selected Triple P • Information about a specific parenting concern • Toilet training, bedtime problems, etc. • Provides information through primary care services and other community agencies in regular contact with families of young children • Individual Support Strategy • Parenting tip sheets and videos • Information provided within a brief consultation format of 1 or 2 10-minute sessions

10. Level 2: Selected Triple p • Seminar Series • For delivery to large groups of parents • Three 90 minute sessions of presentations and Q&A session • The Power of Positive Parenting • Raising Confident, Competent Children • Raising Resilient Children • Teen Seminar Series • Raising Responsible Teenagers • Raising Competent Teenagers • Getting Teenagers Connected

11. Level 3: Primary Care Triple P • Narrow focus parenting skills training • Behaviors like tantrums, fighting with siblings, etc. • Incorporate brief behavioral counseling as an early detection and intervention approach • Use tip sheets and videos, active skills training procedures such as behavioral rehearsal • Four 15-30 minute consultations with parents • 1) Obtain the history and nature of problem, set goals, baseline monitoring • 2) Discuss baseline, possible causes of problem, negotiate a parenting plan, identify any obstacles • 3) Monitor family progress, discuss implementation problems, more intensive active skills training exercises • 4) Progress review, trouble shooting, positive feedback, termination of contract

12. Level 4: Standard, Group, & Self-directed • For parents wanting intensive training in positive parenting skills • Usually for parents of children with severe behavioral problems like aggression, oppositional behavior • Focuses on active skills training and support, applying skills to broad range of behaviors and settings

13. Level 4: Standard, Group, & Self-directed • Standard Triple p • 10 sessions, about 60 minutes each • Causes of behavior problems, strategies for encouraging development and managing misbehavior • Active skills training • Modeling • Rehearsal • Self-evaluation • Homework tasks • Generalization enhancement strategies • Home or clinic practice sessions

14. Level 4: Standard, Group, & Self-directed • Group • 8 sessions, groups of 10-12 parents • 4 2-hour group sessions • Learn active skills through observation, discussion, practice, and feedback • Homework tasks between sessions • Three 15-30 minute follow-up telephone sessions after group to provide additional support • Benefits of group sessions include support, friendship, and constructive feedback • Self-Directed • Every Parent’s Self-Help Workbook • Outlines a 10-week self-help program • Reading and homework tasks • May be augmented by telephone consultations

15. Level 5: Enhanced • For families requesting or deemed to be in need of further assistance after completing Level 4 • Individually tailored • Home-based skills training, mood management, stress and coping skills, marital communication • 1st session: review and feedback • 3 enhanced individual therapy modules • Practice • Coping Skills • Partner Support • Each conducted in maximum 3 90-minute sessions • Active skills training, homework tasks, enhancement of self-management skills

16. Specialist Interventions • Standard Stepping Stones Triple P (Level 4) • Adaptations for parents of preadolescent children who have a disability • 10 session program that draws upon additional strategies from disability research • Strategies for dealing with behavior and developmental issues • Found to be effective for children with intellectual physical disabilities who have disruptive behavior (Roberts, Mazzucchelli, Taylor & Reid, 2002)

17. Specialist Interventions • Pathways Triple P (Level 5) • For parents at risk of child maltreatment • Used in combination with Group or Standard Triple P • 4 sessions • Address the role that parental explanations for child behavior and parental anger play in the development of parenting strategies • Effective with parents identified at risk of maltreating their children (Sanders, Pidgeon, Gravestock, Conners, Brown & Young, 2004)

18. Effectiveness • Associated with significant reductions in parent reported levels of dysfunctional parenting, child behavior problems • Positive effects on parent mental health, marital adjustment, levels of child rearing conflict (Zubrick, Ward, Silburn, Lawrence, Williams, Blair, Robertson, Sanders, 2005)

19. References • Roberts, C., Mazzucchelli, T., Studman, L., & Sanders, M. R. (2006). A randomized control trial of behavioral family intervention for young children with developmental and behavioral problems. Journal of Clinical Child and Adolescent Psychology, 35(2), 180-193. • Sanders, M.R., Pidgeon, A., Gravestock, F., Connors, M.D., Brown, S., & Young, R.M. (2004) Does parental attributional retraining and anger management enhance the effects of the Triple P- Positive Parenting Program with parents at-risk of child maltreatment? Behavior Therapy, 35(3), 513-535. • Triple P America. (2010). Triple P America: For parents. Retrieved from http://www.triplep-america.com • Zubrick, S.R., Northey, K., Silburn, S.R., Lawrence, D., Williams, A.A., Blair, E., Robertson, D., & Sanders, M.R. (2005). Prevention of child behavior problems through universal implementation of a group behavioral family intervention. Prevention Science, 6(4), 287-304.