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DNA Fingerprinting & Gel Electrophoresis

DNA Fingerprinting & Gel Electrophoresis. Do Now:. DNA Fingerprinting. Everyone (except identical twins) has a unique DNA sequence in their cells. A technique called DNA fingerprinting can be used to identify people (or parents) using their DNA.

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DNA Fingerprinting & Gel Electrophoresis

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  1. DNA Fingerprinting & Gel Electrophoresis Do Now:

  2. DNA Fingerprinting • Everyone (except identical twins) has a unique DNA sequence in their cells. • A technique called DNA fingerprinting can be used to identify people (or parents) using their DNA. • DNA fingerprinting is MUCH more accurate than traditional fingerprints

  3. How DNA Fingerprinting Works • DNA is extracted from a sample (like when you got DNA from strawberries) • Special enzymes called restriction enzymes are used to cut the DNA samples into pieces. • The DNA pieces are then put through a process called gel electrophoresis.

  4. Gel electrophoresis • Gel electrophoresis is used to separate pieces of DNA. • DNA molecules are separated by size.

  5. Analyzing the Results Restriction Enzymes • The gel shown shows what happened when the same piece of DNA was cut up with 3 different enzymes. DNA fragment Standard Sizes

  6. Solving Crimes: Rape investigation • The DNA from a rapist can be collected from the victim for up to about 24 hours after the crime. • The DNA found can then be compared to the DNA of suspects. • Which suspect committed the crime?

  7. DNA Fingerprint Paternity Testing • DNA fingerprinting (with gel electrophoresis) can be used to determine who the parents of an organism are. • Just like genes, DNA fragments are inherited from both parents

  8. Final Thoughts • A DNA fingerprint is like a unique barcode for every organism on Earth. • DNA fingerprinting can be used to solve crimes and determine who an individual’s genetic parents are. • DNA fingerprinting uses gel electrophoresis to separate different size pieces of DNA created by chopping up the original piece using special enzymes

  9. mRNA Processing • Remember the central dogma of molecular biology: • DNARNAProtein • In eukaryotes, there is one more little step in between RNA and protein. • After an mRNA is made by transcription, it must be processed before translation.

  10. Introns & Exons • An mRNA sequence has introns and exons within it. • Before being used to make proteins, the introns must be removed. • Intron: A part of an mRNA molecule that must be removed before translation. • Exon: A part of an mRNA molecule that will be translated.

  11. Get rid of those Introns! • Before introns are removed, an RNA molecule is called pre-mRNA • Only the exons make it to translation!

  12. That’s it for Molecular Genetics • Your review guide is due tomorrow! • We will be playing Jeopardy tomorrow: your review guide will be the only notes you may use. • Use the remainder of the period (and tonight) to complete anything on the review guide you haven’t yet.

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