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Revolutionary Period:

Revolutionary Period:. Age of Reason. Beginning of The Age of Reason. The Age of Reason was also known as the Enlightenment era which was a cultural and intellectual movement that sparked new institutions and ideas that stayed for centuries later.

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Revolutionary Period:

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  1. Revolutionary Period: Age of Reason

  2. Beginning of The Age of Reason • The Age of Reason was also known as the Enlightenment era which was a cultural and intellectual movement that sparked new institutions and ideas that stayed for centuries later. • The Age of Reason began in 1701 as Descartes and Isaac Newton published their books that involved thinking with scientific proof and evidence.

  3. The Enlightenment was closely tied to the Scientific Revolution due to the new scientific findings such as Newton’s 3 Laws of Motion. • The Enlightenment had the purpose to reform society using reason, challenge ideas grounded in tradition and faith, and improve knowledge through the scientific method.

  4. Effects of Age of Reason • The Age of Reason began first in Europe and slowly influenced those who resided in America. •  The new intellectual development spread to countries all across Europe, including France, England, Scotland, the German states, the Netherlands, Poland, Russia, Italy, Austria, and Spain.

  5. Enlightenment supported ideas that went against the status quo. • It promoted skepticism, intellectual exchange and scientific thought. • Went against the narrow-mindedness and superstition of the Church.

  6. Enlightenment Effects in Europe • In France, the Age of Reason became linked to anti-government and anti-Church. Also, famous philosophers created the first Encyclopedia during the Enlightenment.

  7. In German areas, the Age of Reason effects can be considered similar to the French effects because in both countries, individual freedom and political authority was popular. Although in the German areas, the king, aristocracy, and middle classes supported the Enlightened thinking and ideas permanently changing the culture.

  8. In England, the Age of Reason effected the right of the individual; the natural equality of all men; the distinction between civil society and the state; and the view that all legitimate political power must be "representative“. • John Locke, an Enlightened philosopher that can be argued to be the most influential one of all, promoted the philosophy of language, the philosophy of mind, metaphysics, rational theology, ethics, and political philosophy.

  9. One of John Locke’s most famous work named Two Treatises of Government.

  10. Effects of Enlightenment in America • During the Enlightenment there was a great stress upon liberty, democracy, republicanism, and religious tolerance. Efforts to merge science and religion resulted in a wide spread rejection of miracle and revealed religion. • Writers such as Benjamin Franklin, Thomas Jefferson and Thomas Paine were very influential during the Age of Reason in America which eventually led to a sense of independence and people revolting against the British taxes that limited freedom.

  11. These are some of the American Enlightened thinkers during the Age of Reason that changed American culture forever. • These Enlightened thinkers lead the people through the revolution with words and which ultimately resulted in the freedom in America.

  12. Benjamin Franklin • Benjamin Franklin was one of the founding fathers and a very important figure in the 1700s. His parents set him on a path to be clergyman however… • Franklin was very interested in reading and writing. So his father made Franklin’s brother apprentice Franklin to in the printing business. Franklin then moved to Philadelphia where he rose to prominence as a multitalented writer, scientist, inventor, and politician.

  13. Benjamin Franklin • He helped write the Declaration of Independence, negotiate for the Treaty of Paris, and create the U.S. Constitution. • Benjamin Franklin is remembered not only as a prominent figure in the American Revolution but also as an astute writer and trailblazing scientist. Works of Literature- Poor Richards Almanac, The Way to Wealth

  14. Thomas Jefferson • Thomas Jefferson was the primary writer of the Declaration of Independence and the third president of the United States. • He was a leader in the Enlightenment period and was, like Benjamin Franklin, a Renaissance man. • Jefferson had many progressive ideas such as anti-slavery and separation of church and state. • Works of Literature- Declaration of Independence, Statute of Virginia of Religious Freedom

  15. Thomas Paine • Thomas Paine was political activist who wrote many works to start the American Revolution. • He was a writer from the Enlightenment period who used propaganda to incite the independence movement in America but was a journalist by profession. • Paine believed the colonies had the complete right to revolt against the British government who unfairly imposed taxes. • Works of Literature- Common Sense, The Age of Reason

  16. Olaudah Equiano • Olaudah Equiano was a former slave turned prominent abolitionist. He used his experiences as a slave to show the Europe and America what slavery was doing to society. • In his biography, The Interesting Narrative of the Life of Olaudah Equiano, he depicts the horrors of slavery. • Works of Literature- The Interesting Narrative of the Life of Olaudah Equiano and Equiano’s Travels

  17. John Locke • John Locke was an English writer and philosopher who widely influenced other writers during and after the Enlightenment period. • Locke helped influence western philosophy writing about education, politics, and human rights. • Locke’s main influence in the American Revolution was the argument that all humans are born with certain rights and born good. • Works of Literature- An Essay Concerning Human Understanding, A Letter Concerning Toleration

  18. Poor Richard's Almanac Thomas Jefferson The Life of Olaudah Equiano Benjamin Franklin Thomas Paine Common Sense Olaudah Equiano Declaration of Independence

  19. Reference • Age Of Reason: Introduction. (n.d.). Secular Web: Atheism, Agnosticism, Naturalism, Skepticism and Secularism. Retrieved September 19, 2013, from http://www.infidels.org/library/historical/thomas_paine/age_of_reason/intro.html • Enlightenment — History.com Articles, Video, Pictures and Facts. (n.d.). History.com — History Made Every Day — American & World History. Retrieved September 19, 2013, from http://www.history.com/topics/enlightenment • Paine, T. (n.d.). Thomas Paine's The Age of Reason. Welcome To The Deism Site!. Retrieved September 19, 2013, from http://www.deism.com/theageofreason.htm • The Age of Reason. (n.d.). Angelfire: Welcome to Angelfire. Retrieved September 19, 2013, from http://www.angelfire.com/journal/LiteratureOfEngland/AgeOfReason.html • WallBuilders - Historical Writings - Benjamin Franklin's letter to Thomas Paine . (n.d.). WallBuilders | Presenting America's forgotten history and heroes, with an emphasis on our moral, religious, and constitutional heritage.. Retrieved September 19, 2013, from http://www.wallbuilders.com/libissuesarticles.asp?id=58

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