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The Reformation

The Reformation. I. Intellectual changes in Europe, 1500 -. A. Print Revolution. Gutenberg. Christian Humanism Renaissance Humanism Exploration / Age of Discovery Millennialism. II. The Protestant Reformation. Revolution and Reaction. A. Church status. 1. Renaissance

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The Reformation

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  1. The Reformation

  2. I. Intellectual changes in Europe, 1500 -

  3. A. Print Revolution Gutenberg

  4. Christian Humanism • Renaissance Humanism • Exploration / Age of Discovery • Millennialism

  5. II. The Protestant Reformation Revolution and Reaction

  6. A. Church status 1. Renaissance 2. Simony, Pluralism, Nepotism 3. Indulgences

  7. 4. Pilgrimages - Enhanced spirituality

  8. B. Martin Luther 1483-1546 1. 95 ThesesOct. 30, 1517 taking it to the streets

  9. 2. Luther’s guilt complex - Law & Grace - Paul: “The Just shall live by Faith” Galatians

  10. C. 3 Tenets of Faith 1. Sola Fide - Salvation by Faith Alone 2. Sola Scriptura - Literal interpretation of the Bible 3. Priesthood of All Believers

  11. D. Luther to Lutheranism 1. Class and religion - Swabian Peasant Revolt 1520s - Appeal to merchant/urban classes “Protestant Work Ethic” capitalism / calling

  12. 2. Women and Protestantism - alternative to convents - education Katharine von Bora

  13. 3. Appeal to the nobility - Papacy and HRE were human institutions

  14. 1520 - Appeal to the Christian Nobility of the German Nation * Luther links religious identity with national identity

  15. 4. The Diet of Worms1521 - HRE Charles V - Frederick “The Wise” of Saxony

  16. III. Reformation of the Radicals, 1530s - The Democratization of Christianity

  17. A. Task of the New Reformers • Systematization - Reformation of Roman Church not possible - build a new set of institutions 2. Reform of society and religion

  18. B. Geneva and John Calvin 1. 1536 - Swiss vote to become Protestant 2. John Calvin - The Institutes of the Christian Religion

  19. C. Reform (Calvinist) Theology • Predestination - Grace was free gift, but not always accepted 2. Theocracy? - only the elect should govern church/society - experimental societies (Utopias)

  20. D. The Ghost of John Calvin • Problem of Predestination • Puritanism • Moderation • Low Church

  21. 3. Conversion process - personal redemption - social/political reform 4. Rise of modern capitalism

  22. 5. Intolerance / paranoia - world full of secular, civil enemies - “democratic” Christianity prone to hysteria

  23. E. Anabaptists • Rejection of society - communalism

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