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Understanding Fundamental Concepts in Astronomy: Radiation, Optics, and Detection Methods

This comprehensive guide covers essential concepts in astronomy, focusing on basic physical processes such as radiation attenuation by matter, optical depth, and blackbody radiation. Key laws like the Stefan-Boltzmann and Wien's displacement law are explained, alongside their applications in telescopes and CCD detectors. The text also delves into photometric systems, spectral analysis, and the challenges of observing infrared and ultraviolet wavelengths, as well as radio and X-ray astronomy techniques. Ideal for students and enthusiasts looking to deepen their understanding of astronomical principles.

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Understanding Fundamental Concepts in Astronomy: Radiation, Optics, and Detection Methods

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Presentation Transcript

  1. Need to know and understand • Basic physical processes • Attenuation of radiation by matter • Optical depth • Blackbody radiation • Wien displacement law • lmaxT = 2.9x106nm.K • Stefan-Boltzmann Law • L = 4pR2sT4 • Telescopes • Basic design • Diffraction-limited resolution • Q = 1.22l / D • Seeing, over-coming seeing (AO) • Focal length, plate scale • How CCD detectors work, QE

  2. Need to know and understand • Magnitude system • Origin • Derive m-M=5logd-5 • UBVRIJHK photometric system • Concept of colour • How to estimate T from (B-V) • Concept of bolometric mag • Spectrographs • Diffraction grating & grating eqt • D sin q = ml • Resolving power, angular dispertion, linear dispersion

  3. Need to know and understand • Infra-red • Absorption by dust • The reddening curve • Measuring Av • Colour excess • IR emission by dust • Observing in the IR, difficulties • Ultra-violet • Absorption by gas (interstellar opacity) • Interstellar absorption lines • Curve of growth analysis • Relations for different parts of CoG

  4. Need to know and understand • Radio astronomy • Radio v optical • Resolution • Interferometry, aperture synthesis • Q = l / L • Super-luminal motion • Understand, derive, prove actual motion not faster-than-light • X-ray astronomy • Imaging in x-rays • Basic absorption processes • Basic accretion physics and Eddington luminosity

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