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The four major biomolecules

Organic molecules part 1. The four major biomolecules. SB1.c Identify the function of the four major macromolecules (i.e. carbohydrates, proteins, lipids, nucleic acids). . What are we going to learn?. Biomolecules.

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The four major biomolecules

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  1. Organic molecules part 1 The four major biomolecules

  2. SB1.c Identify the function of the four major macromolecules (i.e. carbohydrates, proteins, lipids, nucleic acids). What are we going to learn?

  3. Biomolecules • They are the foundation for the structure and function of every living cell in every organism. • They are the building materials and the storehouse for energy.

  4. Carbohydrates • AKA Carbs • A carbohydrate is a simples sugar or a molecule composed of two or more simple sugars. • It is composed of Carbon (C) , Hydrogen (H), and Oxygen (O) in a ratio of 1:2:1.

  5. More than one class... • Monosaccharides are a single sugar molecule. An example is glucose.

  6. More than one class .... • Oligosaccharides are a short chain of two or more covalently bonded sugar units. An example is sucrose.

  7. More than one class .... • Polysaccharides are long straight or branched chains of hundreds even thousands of sugar molecules in length. An example is starch.

  8. Lipids • Are organic molecules that have more carbon-hydrogen (C-H) bonds and fewer oxygen atom than carbohydrates. • Commonly called fats and waxes.

  9. Wash with soap and hot water.... • Lipids do not dissolve in water due to the nonpolarity of the lipid molecules. So you need a little bit of soap.

  10. What? We want fats? • Used for long term energy storage, insulation, and protective coatings. • Major component of plasma membranes.

  11. And so do plants? • Waxes are long chains of fatty acids attached to an alcohol. Cutin is a wax that helps plants retain water.

  12. Proteins • Large complex polymers • They are composed of amino acids made of carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen, and sometimes sulfur.

  13. Here, there and everywhere... • They help us contract our muscles, transport O2 in the blood, and the immune system. • They are also part of the plasma membrane.

  14. A little bit of this, a little bit of that.. • Examples: collagen, enzymes, hemoglobin, insulin, and antibodies

  15. Nucleic Acids • Nucleic acids are complex macromolecules that store information in cells in the form of a code. • There are four different types of nucleotides used to form a nucleic acid.

  16. Basic structure • The three parts of a nucleotide are a five-carbon sugar, a nitrogen containing base, and a phosphate group.

  17. Nucleotides are pretty useful... • Are the structural units of adenosine phosphates (ATP, NAD+, NADP+), nucleotide coenzymes, and nucleic acids (DNA, RNA)

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