1 / 30

AGRICULTURE

AGRICULTURE. The Beginning. Neolithic Revolution Changes to life include: Reliable food supplies, Increase in total human population, Job Specialization, Patriarchy Vegetative Planting-cloning existing plants (stems and roots) Southeast Asia

verlee
Télécharger la présentation

AGRICULTURE

An Image/Link below is provided (as is) to download presentation Download Policy: Content on the Website is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use and may not be sold / licensed / shared on other websites without getting consent from its author. Content is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use only. Download presentation by click this link. While downloading, if for some reason you are not able to download a presentation, the publisher may have deleted the file from their server. During download, if you can't get a presentation, the file might be deleted by the publisher.

E N D

Presentation Transcript


  1. AGRICULTURE

  2. The Beginning • Neolithic Revolution • Changes to life include: • Reliable food supplies, Increase in total human population, Job Specialization, Patriarchy • Vegetative Planting-cloning existing plants (stems and roots) • Southeast Asia • Seed Agriculture-planting with seeds (typical now) • Ethiopia, Western India

  3. Vegetative Agricultural Hearths

  4. Seed Agricultural Hearths

  5. Columbian Exchange • Remember what happened? • Trade diffused crops but topography and climate determined success of transplants • Food in the Western Hemisphere was completely different from Eastern Hemisphere until the Exchange • Potatoes from Andes of South America to Ireland • Rice still more common in Asia, Beans, Squash, Corn in the Americas

  6. Second Agricultural Revolution • Pre-Industrialization in England and Western Europe • Use of fertilizers, improved collars for plow animals, crop rotation, bred better livestock, Seed Drill • Enclosure-blocking off, fencing in land

  7. Different Agriculture • Commercial Agriculture: production of food surplus, most crops destined for sale to people outside farmer’s family. Practiced mostly in MDC’s-farmers rarely sell directly to consumer but sell to food processing companies-called AGRIBUSINESS • Subsistence Agriculture: production of only enough food to feed the farmer’s family, with little or no surplus to sell. Practiced mostly in LDC’s.

  8. Compare Subsistence to Commercial • Percentage of Farmers in the Labor Force • Use of Machinery • Farm Size

  9. Subsistence Farming • Intensive Subsistence: Yields a large output per acre but still only subsistence. • Almost half the world’s population engaged in this type of farming. • Most prevalent in East and South Asia in wet or lowlands producing rice, wheat (China), maize, millet, peas and beans. • Labor intensive type of Agriculture-lot of people, little capital, work by hand

  10. Wet Rice Terrace-Indonesia

  11. World Rice Production

  12. Subsistence Farming • Shifting Cultivation (Slash and Burn): Destroys environment, farmers continually moving to slash/burn new land . Burned land is fertile at first but then rapidly depletes. • Practiced in rain forest zones of Central and South America, West Africa by people of small villages who are guided by a village chief or council • Farming all done by hand

  13. Slash and Burn Guatamala

  14. Subsistence Farming • Pastoral Nomadism: Follows a herd, not sedentary. • Herds are domesticated sheep, goats, cows, reindeer, cows, camels, and horses • Nomadism is dictated by herds need for pasture (food) • Found in Central Eurasia, desert areas of Arabian Peninsula • Animals provide primary subsistence

  15. Pastoral Nomads in Iran

  16. Subsistence Agriculture-More! • Extensive Subsistence Agriculture: large areas of land, minimal labor per land unit • Pastoral Nomadism and Slash and Burn • Intensive Subsistence Agriculture: cultivation of small land plots, lots of labor, yields per unit and population densities high

  17. Commercial Agriculture-Finally! • Mixed Crop and Livestock Farming: most common form of agriculture in the US-farmers grow crops and raise livestock and feed crops to animals (beef, milk, eggs) • Practice Crop Rotation (cycles-cereal grains, to corn, to soybeans) • Dairy Farming: close to urban areas (have to be close-called the milkshed) sell to wholesalers not directly to consumers • Labor intensive farming-feeding and milking cows

  18. Commercial Agriculture-More! • Grain Farming: 3 most important regions in USA- “World’s Breadbasket” • Winter wheat areas of Kansas, Colorado, Oklahoma • Spring wheat areas of N.& S.Dakota, Montana • Palouse region Washington State • Other grain countries-Canada, Australia, Argentina, France, UK • Grown on large farms, machines employed

  19. Commercial Agriculture • Livestock Ranching: commercial grazing of livestock over a large area (practiced where crop growing is difficult) South American pampas (prairie) • Mediterranean Agriculture: not just Mediterranean (California, Chile) olives, grapes, fruits, vegetables. • Commercial gardening/fruit farming: southeast US-long growing seasons, called “truck” farming-apples, cherries, lettuce, tomatoes

  20. Commercial Agriculture-last one! • Plantation Farming: large farm that specializes in 1 or 2 crops • Found in Latin America, Africa, Asia • Cotton, sugarcane, coffee, rubber, tobacco • Mostly import wokers • Corporate units

  21. America! Here’s Why people move here: Plenty of Food!

  22. In America:“Milk does a body good”

  23. Dairy Farmers of America Unite!

  24. The World’s “Breadbasket”

  25. Where’s the Beef?

  26. Von Thunen’s Model

  27. Von Thunen’s Model

  28. Economic Issues Facing Agriculture • Challenges for commercial farmers • Overproduction • Sustainable agriculture • Challenges for subsistence farmers • Population growth • International trade • Increasing food supply

  29. WorldwideImport/Export of Grain

  30. Undernourished Population

More Related