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Industrial Revolution

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The Industrial Revolution marked a pivotal shift in history, driven by innovations in agriculture and manufacturing. Key developments such as the Enclosure Movement, crop rotation, and the introduction of the seed drill in 1701 dramatically increased food production. This led to a surplus of food and livestock, boosting the Cottage Industry and laying the groundwork for early capitalism and mercantilism. The textile and factory systems revolutionized production, while advancements like the steam engine and improved transportation reshaped economies. Overall, the Industrial Revolution improved living conditions, albeit with significant social changes.

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Industrial Revolution

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Presentation Transcript

  1. Industrial Revolution History Alive slides

  2. Agricultural Revolution • Enclosure movement • Crop rotation • Seed drill: 1701 • Old World: corn and potatoes • More food/Livestock/more fertilizer

  3. Cottage Industry • Merchants plotted stages of production • Early prelude to industrialization • Model for early capitalism

  4. Mercantilism • Export rather than import • Import raw materials/export finished products • Regulation of trade and commerce • Goods tightly regulated to keep prices up

  5. Capitalism • Great Britain moves toward free trade • Private ownership • Competition

  6. Textile/factory system • Demand for more cloth increased need for efficiency • (chart) • Factories located near power/water at first

  7. Effects of Factory System • Division of labor • Employers controlled all • Cotton imports increased • Price of yarn decreased • End of cottage industry

  8. Steam Engine • 1790: James Watt • River Water power no longer sufficient • Water heated by coal • Factories could be anywhere • Mines freed of flooding potential

  9. Iron and Coal • Painting: Kroyer, 1885 • Need for iron increases: war, agricultural tools, machinery, railroad lines • Need for coal increases • Note: Britain produced more iron than all other nations together

  10. Transportation • Improvements steam engine • Better roads • Thomas Telford, John MacAdam • Canals

  11. Effects of Industrial Revolution • Poor lost farms/became wage earners • Large land owners increased power • More food available/fewer peope starved/population increased • Living conditions improved

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