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Configurations, Spin, and Ionization Energy

Configurations, Spin, and Ionization Energy. Filling Order of Orbitals in Multielectron Atoms. 1s 2 2s 2 2p 6 3s 2 3p 6 4s 2 3d 10 4p 6 5s 2 …. 1s 2s 2p. Writing e- Configurations. Oxygen (8 e-) Spectroscopic Notation: 1s 2 2s 2 2p 4 Orbital Box Notation:.

vernon-mcclure
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Configurations, Spin, and Ionization Energy

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  1. Configurations, Spin, and Ionization Energy

  2. Filling Order of Orbitals in Multielectron Atoms 1s22s22p63s23p64s23d104p65s2…

  3. 1s 2s 2p Writing e- Configurations Oxygen (8 e-) Spectroscopic Notation: 1s22s22p4 Orbital Box Notation:

  4. 10 e- in each: 1s22s22p6 Z = +12 +11 +9 +8 O 2- F- Na+ Mg2+ increasing nuclear charge (Z) Isoelectronic Series • Isoelectronic = same e- configuration • Properties within series are affected by Z • e.g., ion size decreases as Z increases

  5. Ionization Energy • E of e- removal from an atom or ion in the gas phase • A(g) A+(g) + e- ; DE = IE1 = 1st IE • A+(g) A2+(g) + e- ; DE = IE2 = 2nd IE Always positive. Why?

  6. Trends in First IE increases d e c r e a s e s

  7. Ionization Energy • Whatever increases E of e- decreases IE • Down a group: larger n ˝ lower IE • Across a period: increasing nuclear charge increases IE • several anomalies

  8. IE1 Values for First 20 Elements (Problem 4)

  9. Why is IE1(N) > IE1(O)? Is 2s 2p O: 1s22s22p4 e- - e- repulsion (spin pairing E) in the first 2p orbital makes e- a little easier to remove than unpaired e- in a N 2p orbital N: 1s22s22p3

  10. High IE Values • Elements with filled shells (noble gases) • Elements with filled subshells • IEBe > IEB • Elements with half-filled subshells • IEN > IEO Be: 1s22s2 ; B: 1s22s22p1

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