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Energy Presentation

Energy Presentation. Things needed Renewable vs non-renewable Primary uses How was the source created, part of which natural cycle? How does it create electricity, what is it’s efficiency, Cost / kwhr , power output, World use %age, largest reserves, Pros vs cons

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Energy Presentation

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  1. Energy Presentation • Things needed • Renewable vs non-renewable • Primary uses • How was the source created, part of which natural cycle? • How does it create electricity, what is it’s efficiency, Cost / kwhr, power output, • World use %age, largest reserves, • Pros vs cons • Air, water, land, biodiversity, economics, human health, … • Pollutant output • Availability • History, politics, recent events (Texas, US, World) and locations

  2. Choices • Coal • Petroleum Oil, • Tar Sands/Oil Shale • Natural Gas • Nuclear • Wind • Solar • Hydroelectric • Geothermal • Waves, • Tide • Biomass, biofuels

  3. APES Info • Need gas and Electric bill for Friday. • Bill should have account#, provider, and bill amount. • Find out your house square footage and number of light bulbs in you house. How many incandescent vs. CFLs • Service hours to help recycle at the 5K run.

  4. Chapter 16 and 17 Nonrenewable and Renewable (alternative) Energy Energy Efficiency

  5. Forms of Energy

  6. ENERGY • The ability to move matter around. That something which is necessary to maintain life and a vibrant society. • Conservation of energy – Energy can neither be created nor destroyed. It can be changed from one form to another.

  7. Forms of energy • Energy can be in the form of light, heat, sound, electricity, motion (kinetic energy), or stored as a potential energy. • No energy conversion is 100% efficient when changed from one form to the next.

  8. TYPES OF ENERGY RESOURCES • About 99% of the energy we use for heat comes from the sun and the other 1% comes mostly from burning fossil fuels. • Solar energy indirectly supports wind power, hydropower, and biomass. • About 76% of the commercial energy we use comes from nonrenewable fossil fuels (oil, natural gas, and coal) with the remainder coming from renewable sources.

  9. Energy Consumption in the United States Sequence of use Wood - Biomass Water Coal Natural gas Oil Nuclear power 3, 4, and 5 = 83.5% of today’s U.S. energy consumption

  10. Energy Consumption in the United States

  11. Oil and natural gas Floating oil drilling platform Coal Oil storage Geothermal energy Contour strip mining Oil drilling platform on legs Hot water storage Oil well Gas well Geothermal power plant Pipeline Mined coal Valves Area strip mining Pipeline Pump Drilling tower Underground coal mine Impervious rock Oil Natural gas Water Water is heated and brought up as dry steam or wet steam Water Water penetrates down through the rock Coal seam Hot rock Magma Fig. 16-2, p. 357

  12. TYPES OF ENERGY RESOURCES • Commercial energy use by source for the world (left) and the U.S. (right). Figure 16-3

  13. TYPES OF ENERGY RESOURCES • Net energy is the amount of high-quality usable energy available from a resource after subtracting the energy needed to make it available.

  14. Electrical Power Production: The Beginning Michael Faraday 1831

  15. OIL • Crude oil (petroleum) is a thick liquid containing hydrocarbons that we extract from underground deposits and separate into products such as gasoline, heating oil and asphalt. • Only 35-50% can be economically recovered from a deposit. • As prices rise, about 10-25% more can be recovered from expensive secondary extraction techniques. • This lowers the net energy yield.

  16. Core Case Study: How Long Will the Oil Party Last? • Saudi Arabia could supply the world with oil for about 10 years. • The Alaska’s North Slope could meet the world oil demand for 6 months (U.S.: 3 years). • Alaska’s Arctic National Wildlife Refuge would meet the world demand for 1-5 months (U.S.: 7-25 months).

  17. Caribou in the Arctic National Wildlife Refuge

  18. Oil Drilling on the North Slope

  19. Core Case Study: How Long Will the Oil Party Last? • We have three options: • Look for more oil. • Use or waste less oil. • Use something else. Figure 16-1

  20. OIL • Refining crude oil: • Based on boiling points, components are removed at various layers in a giant distillation column. • The most volatile components with the lowest boiling points are removed at the top. Figure 16-5

  21. OIL • Eleven OPEC (Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries) have 78% of the world’s proven oil reserves and most of the world’s unproven reserves. • After global production peaks and begins a slow decline, oil prices will rise and could threaten the economies of countries that have not shifted to new energy alternatives.

  22. Inflation-corrected cost of total oil imported to the U.S. economy

  23. Gasoline prices in today’s prices

  24. Case Study: U.S. Oil Supplies • The U.S. – the world’s largest oil user – has only 2.9% of the world’s proven oil reserves. • U.S oil production peaked in 1974 (halfway production point). • About 60% of U.S oil imports goes through refineries in hurricane-prone regions of the Gulf Coast.

  25. OIL • Burning oil for transportation accounts for 43% of global CO2 emissions. Figure 16-7

  26. CO2 Emissions • CO2 emissions per unit of energy produced for various energy resources. Figure 16-8

  27. Hunter bags pipeline

  28. Heavy Oils from Oil Sand and Oil Shale: Will Sticky Black Gold Save Us? • Heavy and tarlike oils from oil sand and oil shale could supplement conventional oil, but there are environmental problems. • High sulfur content. • Extracting and processing produces: • Toxic sludge • Uses and contaminates larges volumes of water • Requires large inputs of natural gas which reduces net energy yield.

  29. Oil Shales • Oil shales contain a solid combustible mixture of hydrocarbons called kerogen. Figure 16-9

  30. “I have to confess: I did not anticipate that we would have a problem this soon.” This was said by TransCanada County Commissioner in North Dakota after the Keystone 1 Pipeline sprayed a Geyser of Crude Oil 60 feet into the air on May 7, 2011.

  31. Heavy Oils • It takes about 1.8 metric tons of oil sand to produce one barrel of oil. Figure 16-10

  32. NATURAL GAS • Natural gas, consisting mostly of methane, is often found above reservoirs of crude oil. • When a natural gas-field is tapped, gasses are liquefied and removed as liquefied petroleum gas (LPG). • Coal beds and bubbles of methane trapped in ice crystals deep under the arctic permafrost and beneath deep-ocean sediments are unconventional sources of natural gas.

  33. Harvesting Methane from Cattle?

  34. NATURAL GAS • Russia and Iran have almost half of the world’s reserves of conventional gas, and global reserves should last 62-125 years. • Natural gas is versatile and clean-burning fuel, but it releases the greenhouse gases carbon dioxide (when burned) and methane (from leaks) into the troposphere.

  35. Methane Breakdown

  36. NATURAL GAS • Some analysts see natural gas as the best fuel to help us make the transition to improved energy efficiency and greater use of renewable energy. Figure 16-11

  37. COAL • Coal is a solid fossil fuel that is formed in several stages as the buried remains of land plants that lived 300-400 million years ago. Figure 16-12

  38. U.S. Coal Deposits

  39. Waste heat Cooling tower transfers waste heat to atmosphere Coal bunker Turbine Generator Cooling loop Stack Pulverizing mill Condenser Filter Boiler Wet Scrubber Toxic ash disposal Fig. 16-13, p. 369

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