1 / 19

Disease

Disease. “Prevention is better than a cure”. GERMS. What causes disease & infection? Louis Pasteur was the 1 st to discover micro-organisms Called them GERMS Suggested & proved that “germs” were cause of disease Pasteur’s discovery lead to pasteurization

victorw
Télécharger la présentation

Disease

An Image/Link below is provided (as is) to download presentation Download Policy: Content on the Website is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use and may not be sold / licensed / shared on other websites without getting consent from its author. Content is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use only. Download presentation by click this link. While downloading, if for some reason you are not able to download a presentation, the publisher may have deleted the file from their server. During download, if you can't get a presentation, the file might be deleted by the publisher.

E N D

Presentation Transcript

  1. Disease “Prevention is better than a cure”

  2. GERMS • What causes disease & infection? • Louis Pasteur was the 1st to discover micro-organisms • Called them GERMS • Suggested & proved that “germs” were cause of disease • Pasteur’s discovery lead to pasteurization • Heating liquids to 60°C before consuming to kill micro-organisms

  3. Viruses (1892) • Discovered by investigating Tobacco Mosaic disease in plants • Used special filters to separate out the bacteria • After several runs of filtering, the plants continued to become infected and die • Wasn’t a bacteria causing the infection • Virus

  4. Vaccines • Smallpox virus used to be one of the leading causes of death worldwide • Rash fill with pus (pox) • Chills • High fever • Nausea • Muscle aches

  5. Edward Jenner (late 1700s) • Observation • Milkmaids who contracted cowpox rarely got smallpox • Conclusion • Contracting cowpox made you immune to smallpox • Began injecting people with cowpox disease • Allowed people to develop immunity to smallpox • World’s 1st VACCINE • Smallpox was effectively eradicated in 1977

  6. How do vaccines work? • Your body’s infection fighters – antibodies and white blood cells – take a long time to produce • Vaccines do not contain live viruses • They cannot cause the disease • Vaccines trigger an immune response to a certain disease by giving you a deactivated form of the disease • If the body is attacked by the same type virus again, the body will already have “immunity” to the virus

  7. Factors that Affect Body Systems • Exposure to bacteria or viruses • Genetics • Sensitivity to environmental factors • Pollution • Allergens • Response to stress • General body maintenance

  8. General body maintenance • Diet • Exercise • Sleep • Smoking • Over 4000 different chemicals in a cigarette • 40 known to cause cancer • Tar – settles on the surface of all organs; prevents hairs from removing mucus from respiratory tract • Carbon monoxide – is picked up by red blood cells instead of oxygen • Nicotine – speeds up the heart and raises blood pressure; addictive

  9. Diseases of Organ Systems • Respiratory • Emphysema • Smoke form cigarettes destroys the alveoli in the lungs • Treatment • Stop smoking • Exercise • Oxygen therapy

  10. Digestive • Ulcers • Caused by H. pylori bacteria • Not broken down by stomach acid • Causes a hole in the stomach lining • Mucous not produced at sufficient levels • Stomach acid burns muscles around stomach • Treatment • Antibiotics • Acid-blockers • Surgical repair

  11. Circulatory • Arthrosclerosis • Narrowing of the arteries • Heart has to pump harder • Increases blood pressure • Decreases/stops blood flow • If blood flow is cut off to the: • Heart = heart attack • Brain = stroke • Can be caused by a diet high in lipids (fats and oils)

  12. Treatment • Lifestyle changes • Medication • Stent • Opening blocked blood vessels • Bypass surgery • Surgeons use a healthy blood vessel to bypass the area that was blocked

  13. Excretory • Kidney Stones • Solid mass made up of tiny crystals • Form when urine contains too much of certain substances • Ex. Calcium stones • Biggest risk factor is not drinking enough fluids • Are more likely to occur if you make less than 1 liter of urine a day • Stones can block the flow of urine out of the kidneys

  14. Treatment • Small stones usually pass on their own • Medicine or shock waves can be used to help break down stones • Surgery is usually needed if: • The stone is too large • The stone is blocking urine flow or causing infection

  15. Parkinson’s Disease • Caused by the slow breakdown of the nerve cells in the brain • Create dopamine - helps control muscle movement • Breathing, balance, movement and heart function • Progressive disorder • Treatment • Only treat symptoms – do not slow or cure disease • L-dopa – a drug that is converted into dopamine in the brain

  16. Cancer • Term used for diseases where abnormal cells divide without control & are able to invade other tissues • Normal cells multiply when needed, and die when the not needed • Cancer appears when cell growth is out of control • Signals that tell the cell to die are turned ‘off’

  17. Cancer cells can spread to other parts of the body through the blood system • Cancer is not just one disease but many diseases • More than 100 different types

  18. Causes • Exposure to chemicals • Excessive sunlight exposure • Genetic • Obesity • Viruses

  19. Treatment • Varies based on the type of cancer and its stage • Stage of a cancer refers to how much it has grown • If the cancer is confined to one location & has not spread, the most common treatment approach is surgery • If surgery cannot remove all of the cancer, the options for treatment include radiation or chemotherapy • Goal is to kill cancerous cells

More Related