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Chapter 2: Cinematography

This chapter delves into the art of cinematography, focusing on key elements such as film stock selection, which allows cinematographers to control color reproduction, light sensitivity, contrast levels, sharpness, and grain. It explores various aspect ratios, including classical Hollywood and widescreen formats, along with lighting design principles—realistic and pictorial lighting. The chapter also highlights the significance of hard and soft light setups, and discusses the functional roles of color in cinematography, using iconic films as case studies to convey mood, narrative organization, and thematic meaning.

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Chapter 2: Cinematography

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Presentation Transcript

  1. Chapter 2: Cinematography Mise-en-Scene

  2. Film Stock • Selection enables cinematographer to control • Color reproduction • Light sensitivity • Contrast levels • Sharpness • Grain and resolution • Mixing and/or altering of film stocks can create striking effects

  3. Aspect Ratio • Classical Hollywood ratio (1.33:1) • Widescreen ratios (1.85:1, 2.35:1) • Anamorphic widescreen • Video conversion • Remove matte • Pan-and-scan • Letterbox (hard matte) • Case Study: Chinatown

  4. Lighting Design • Realistic lighting • Simulates a source visible on screen • O Brother Where Art Thou (CP 5) and Fargo (p. 64) • Pictorial lighting • Emphasizes visual effects more than source simulation • Traffic (CP 11-12) and Phantom of the Opera (CP 7) • Usually has specific thematic significance • Lord of the Rings (CP 2)

  5. Hard and Soft Light • Hard light • Directional • High contrast, fast falloff • Soft light • Diffuse, non-directional • Slow falloff, lower contrast

  6. Lighting set-ups: high and low key • Classic 3-point lighting: • Key, fill, back lights • High key (soft light): • Low ratio between key and fill • Even illumination, few shadows • Vertigo (CP 16) and American Gangster (CP 14) • Low key (hard light): • High ratio between key and fill • Large areas of frame left underexposed • Shadows • Traffic (CP 11) and Shall We Dance (CP 9)

  7. Functions of Color Cinematography • Convey symbolic meaning • Establish narrative organization • Convey mood and tone • Two examples for analysis: • Dick Tracy • Batman Returns

  8. Cinematography and Digital Effects • Compositing of live action and digital effects: • Cinematography provides some or all of the live action components • Motion control camerawork • Greenscreening (aka bluescreening) • Computer-generated images (CGI)

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