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Chapter 29 The Civil Rights Movement

Chapter 29 The Civil Rights Movement. Section 1 The Movement Begins. The Origins of the Movement. 1896 – Plessy v. Ferguson – established a separate-but-equal doctrine. Became known as Jim Crow laws in the South. North – de facto segregation – seg. By custom and tradition. Origins ctd….

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Chapter 29 The Civil Rights Movement

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  1. Chapter 29The Civil Rights Movement Section 1 The Movement Begins

  2. The Origins of the Movement • 1896 – Plessy v. Ferguson – established a separate-but-equal doctrine. • Became known as Jim Crow laws in the South. • North – de facto segregation – seg. By custom and tradition.

  3. Origins ctd… • National Association for the Advancement of Colored People (NAACP) supported cases trying to overturn segregation. • A.A. gained political power in the North, where they could vote. • Resulted in a strong Democratic Party. • 1942 – Chicago – Congress of Racial Equality (CORE) used sit-ins to protest.

  4. Chief counsel for the NAACP. 1954 – Brown v. Board of Ed of Topeka Kansas Case ruled seg. was unconstitutional and violated the 14th amendment. Thurgood Marshall

  5. The Movement Begins • Rosa Parks agreed to challenge segregation in court. • Women’s Political Council led A.A. in a boycott of the Montgomery bus system. • Mont. Improvement Association led the boycott & was headed by MLK Jr. • Boycott ctd. for over a year, Dec 1956, law was ruled unconstitutional.

  6. Rosa Parks

  7. African American Churches • Churches played a key role in the boycott. • Place for forums, planning meetings, and organizing volunteers. • Southern Christian Leadership Conference (SCLC), led by MLK, Jr. challenged seg. In public transportations, housing, voting, & public accommodations.

  8. Eisenhower and Civil Rights • Became the 1st pres. Since Reconstruction to send troops to the South to protect A.A. constitutional rights.

  9. Crisis in Little Rock • Gov. ordered the Ark. National Guard to prevent A.A. students from entering the Little Rock high school. • Eisenhower demanded the troops be removed. • Gov. removed the troops, but left the school to the angry mob. • 2 A.A. reporters were beaten and many windows of the school were broken.

  10. Crisis ctd… • Eisenhower ordered the Army to surround the school, and students escorted into the building. • Troops remained for the entire year.

  11. New Civil Rights Legislation • Civil Rights Act of 1957 – created to protect the right of A.A. to vote. • It marked the first step in bringing the federal gov’t into the civil rights debate.

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