AFRICA

1. AFRICA PRE-QUIZ

2. SOUTH AFRICA(1910)

3. SOUTH AFRICAN TIMELINE • Put the following in order and write a 1-2 line summary of each • Creation of the Union of South Africa • Establishment of first Dutch colony at the Cape of Good Hope • British ships land at the Cape and annex the Dutch colony • Mandela is elected President of South Africa • The Battle of Blood River • The Mine and Works Act • Election the National Party

5. About how many people live in the world? Live in Africa?

6. What is the highest mountain in Africa?

7. What is the longest river in Africa and how long is it?

8. Africa is usually broken up into ____ geographical regions.

9. In terms of area, Africa is the largest continent. (T/F)

10. The Sahara Desert is the largest desert in the world and is located primarily in central/southern Africa. (T/F)

11. What is the largest lake in Africa?

12. AFRICA

13. GEOGRAPHY • 2nd largest continent (behind Asia) • 3 times larger than the United States • Contains a plethora of geographic features & wildlife • population = 1,030,500,000 (2012 estimate); about 14% of the world’s population

14. 5 GEOGRAPHICAL REGIONS NORTH AFRICA • Features: Thin coastal plain & inland desert (Sahara) • Location: Borders the Mediterranean Sea • Coastal N.A. – mild temperature and frequent rainfall

15. REGIONS cont. EAST AFRICA • Sahel – great plateau w/ moderate rainfall and large savannas (treeless plains) • Savannas south of the Sahara constitute about 40% of Africa’s land • Great Rift Valley – 40 m. wide; 2,000 ft. deep; 3,000 m. long (Red Sea to S. Africa) • Mts. – Kenya and Kilimanjaro

16. REGIONS cont. WEST AFRICA • narrow coastal plain • Rivers – Niger and Zaire (Congo) • Few natural harbors and limited river travel isolated early civilizations in this area (made conquest by foreigners difficult as well)

17. REGIONS cont. CENTRAL AFRICA • Tropical forests so thick sunlight does not reach the floor • Climate is hot & humid but turns into desert in the south/central Africa

18. REGIONS cont. SOUTH AFRICA • Far south has cool, fertile highlands

19. Deserts • Sahara and the Kalahari make up about 1/3 of Africa’s land • Sahara mostly wasteland of rocks and pebbles • About 90 inhabited oases in Sahara

20. Dry Grasslands • Semiarid climate: less than 20 inches of rainfall per year • Nomads live here with herds • Suitable for grazing, but not for farming

21. RIFT VALLEYS • Earth’s crust pulls apart • Block of crust sinks

22. GREAT RIFT VALLEY • 4,000 miles long • The Great Rift Valley is rich in minerals and metals • Good soil for farming • Largest lakes in Africa are along the Great Rift Valley

23. GRV

24. HIGHLANDS • The most fertile land in Africa • Found mostly in the southern region

25. TROPICAL FORESTS • Constant Rainfall • Heavy vegetation • Mostly in the central regions, along the equator

26. Savanna • Grassy plains that cover 2/5 of the continent • Difficult for farming, but has always supported the most life

28. AFRICA’S LAND - FORMS MAJOR

29. SAHARA • Largest desert in the world (N. Africa) • 3”- 5” of rain or less per year (some areas go years without rain) • Temperatures get as high as 130 and as low as freezing

31. NILE RIVER • Northeast Africa • Longest river in the world (about 4,000 miles long) • Source - Lake Victoria • Mouth – Mediterranean Sea

34. LAKE VICTORIA • Largest African lake • Source of the Nile River • Many isles and prehistoric remains

36. MT. KILIMANJARO • Highest African mountain (19,340 ft) • Located in Tanzania

39. SERENGETI NAT’L PARK

40. EMERGING CIVILIZATIONS KUSH AXUM 1. When 2. Where 3. Source of power/wealth 4. Religion 5.Downfall • When 2. Where 3. Source of power/wealth 4. Religion 5. Downfall

41. EMERGING CIVILIZATIONS KUSH AXUM When – take over the Kush in the A.D. 300s Where – modern day Ethiopia Source of power/wealth – trade Characteristics – wealthy, lot of trade, Christian Downfall – overtaken by Muslims by about the 15th century When – emerge around 1000 b.c. and conquered Egypt in 750 b.c. Where – Egypt Source of power/wealth – trade Characteristics - wealthy, urban, lot of trade Downfall – taken over by Axum in the A.D. 300s

42. TYPE 3 • Briefly describe Kushite civilization. FCA #1 – state when they existed FCA #2 – explain who founded this civilization FCA #3 – describe three unique characteristics of this civilization

43. EARLY KINGDOMS POWERPOINT

44. TOPICS 1. Nubia and Kush (pp. 238-239) 2. Axum and Rise of Islam (p.239) 3. Kingdom of Ghana (pp. 242-243) 4. Kingdom of Mali (p.244) • Kingdom of Songhai (p.245) • Bantu Speaking Africans(pp.247-248) • Societies in South Africa (249)

45. WHAT YOU NEED • Where was this civilization? – describe its location • When did they exist (beginning and end) – may have to read the next section to get downfall • What led to their power/wealth- trade (which goods?), religious centers, army…. • What led to their downfall – civil war, outside invaders?... • What makes them unique (music, art, warfare, religious centers, accomplishments…) – list at least 2

46. GUIDELINES FOR POWERPOINT • Title Slide • Name of kingdom • Picture related to kingdom • Your names • Class period • Cover all 5 points relating to “what you need” • Each point gets one slide • Colored map showing the region of your topic • Can be on your title page, any slide, or the last slide by itself • Email to Mr. Oswald by the end of class Tuesday

47. notes • Name of Kingdom • Location • Time Period • Emergence • Downfall • Unique Characteristics

48. AFRICAN SOCIETY AND CULTURE

50. TOWNS • Began as fortified villages and grew into larger communities • Centers of gov’t and trade • Home to skilled artisans and diverse markets • Most of what we know comes from descriptions of travelers