2. Why the glass? Meltablity Workability Rigidity Chemical resistance

3. Main characteristics of ZX-27 glass • Melting temperature: 1560-1600 C • Pressure strength: 120-150 Mpa/kp/mm2 • Acid resistance: Hydrolitic Class1. • Alkaline solubility: Hydrolitic Class 2.

4. floated own block tooth place of glass block in raft amount of fixed raft Indications Kennedy 3 Kennedy 2 Kennedy 1 Kennedy 4 Kennedy 1 Kennedy 2 Unilateral status Bilateral status In combination with implants Supporting arching of large splinting bridges

5. the most important is to have a firm and pronounced alveolar ridge at the place of future ZX-27 glass abutments, unwritten rule: the more proper pillar teeth are ground meszially, the more missing teeth may be replaced distally(i.e. when replacing 5 and 6, it is ideal to grind 3 and 4; 5 will make the pontic and 6 will be the glass abutment), glass abutment is always the most distal part of the bridge with shortened dental arch (Kennedy 1, Kennedy 2), there must be at least one 1st class pillar among the prepared own teeth; the more 1st class ground pillars, the better the result, glass abutment must have his antagonist to renew occlusal relations and denture function Principles of ZX-27 Attractive Glass Abutment System

6. Attractive Glass Abutment System: Contraindications: • unstable flabby alveolar ridge (5-8 mm side movements), • insufficient alveolus height and widths with extensive bone resorption, • very narrow alveolus forming a narrow ridge created partially by submucous tissue, • insufficiently healed alveolus after extractions,

7. P a t o l o g y Cytological smears from the mouth-wash fluid mainly contained superficial, mature cells. In 17 sears of 3 patients with glass abutment amongst the 67 cytological specimen of 9 patients were found a few keratinized but otherwise typical cell beside the large number of non keratinized epithelial elements. 1 2 Typical keratinized stratified epithelium was present on the surface of the gum under the glass abutment. Keratinization corresponded to parakeratosis and hyperkeratosis histologicaly. There were no mitotic figures amongst the epithelial cells, layers of the epithelium presented typical maturation tendency towards the surface. 3

8. The applied fixative poorly fixed tissue glycogen, however the cytoplasm of the cells contained abundant glycogen. 4 The applied fixative poorly fixed tissue glycogen, however the cytoplasm of the cells contained abundant glycogen. 5 The applied fixative poorly fixed tissue glycogen, however the cytoplasm of the cells contained abundant glycogen also noticed, although the keratinized layer seemed to be thinner compared to those under the glass abutment.. 6

10. S t a t i c a n a l y s i s

11. Modeling of vertical direct stress potential incase of glass abutment support. Load:100 N (vertical force) Modeling of vertical direct stress potential incase non-supported open-ended bridge. Load:100 N (vertical force)

12. Three dimensional model of glass-abutment support. Load:100 N (vertical force) Three dimensional model of non-supported bridge. Load:100 N (vertical force)

13. Model of glass abutment supported bridge force shift in case of 100 N vertical force. Model of free end bridge force shift in case of 100 N vertical force.

14. R a d i o l o g y Dr. Gergely István

15. Position of the glass abutment within the mandible. Bone structure beneath the glass abutment.

16. Condition of the bone structure at time of the first investigation, 1 year after oral implantation. Condition of the bone structure at time of the first investigation, 1 year after oral implantation.

17. Value of mandible‘s calcium content immediately in front of the glass abutment on the left, at time of the second investigation, 4 years after oral implantation. Value of mandible‘s calcium content under the glass abutment on the left, at time of the second investigation, 4 years after oral implantation.

18. Value of the mandible‘s calcium content in front of the glass abutment on the right, at time of the second investigation, 4 years after oral implantation. Value of the mandible’s calcium content under the glass abutment on the right, at time of the second investigation, 4 years after oral implantation.

19. Description of the employed ZX-27 Attractive Glass Abutment System

20. Glass abutment can be purchased in two different sizes „S“ and „L“ in six or twelve pieces of shipment. Selection of status corresponding glass sizes and insertion into the clamping apparatus

21. Heating of the glass abutment until it be red and its outlines begin to deform. Heated and melted glass abutment is pressed by continuously increasing 0,8 N force into the marked place. We wait until it is solidified then put into ceramic coooling coverlet.

22. Polishing of the glass with the help of diamond processing equipment. Saddle-like accurate adjustment of the glass abutment to the plaster cast..

23. Formation of wax cap on the glass abutment with wax immersion. Fixation of the glass abutment onto the model with hot cervical wax.

24. Cementation The prepared work and the glass abutment on the cast before sticking. Prepared glass abutment works on the cast.

25. PRACTICAL SAMPLES

40. Patient No. 1

41. Patient No. 1

42. Patient No. 1

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44. Patient No. 1

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46. Patient No. 1

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48. Patient No. 2

49. Patient No. 2

50. Patient No. 2