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FIR & Sub-mm Astronomy comes of age Herschel Space Observatory Observing Opportunities

FIR & Sub-mm Astronomy comes of age Herschel Space Observatory Observing Opportunities. Mattia Vaccari - University of Padova Alberto Franceschini & Giulia Rodighiero Thanks also to Carol, Jim, Matt, Michael, Seb & all the ISOCAM, ELAIS, SHADES, SWIRE, SPIRE & SCUBA2 folks.

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FIR & Sub-mm Astronomy comes of age Herschel Space Observatory Observing Opportunities

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  1. FIR & Sub-mm Astronomy comes of ageHerschel Space ObservatoryObserving Opportunities Mattia Vaccari - University of Padova Alberto Franceschini & Giulia Rodighiero Thanks also to Carol, Jim, Matt, Michael, Seb & all the ISOCAM, ELAIS, SHADES, SWIRE, SPIRE & SCUBA2 folks Herschel Mattia Vaccari

  2. The FIR & Sub-mm Universe 1000 100 UV/Opt/NIR FIR/Sub-mm Sky Brightness (nW/m2/sr) 10 1 1 10 100 1000 Wavelength [mm] Herschel Mattia Vaccari

  3. The effects of dust extinction and the degeneracy of optical observables Lagache et al 2005 Sanders & Mirabel 1996 Degeneracy is old-fashioned Time for panchromatic SEDs Herschel Mattia Vaccari

  4. The Cosmic Infrared BackgroundResolved Into Discrete Sources The integrated background light in the far-infrared and sub-millimeter region of the spectrum is approximately equal to the integrated background light in the optical and UV part of the spectrum. To develop a complete understanding of galaxy formation, this background light must be resolved into galaxies and their physical properties must be characterized. Herschel Mattia Vaccari

  5. Into Thin Air : FIR & Sub-mm Atmospheric Transmission vs Precipitable Water Vapor PWV = 1.0 mm PWV = 0.5 mm PWV = 0.2 mm PWV = 0.1 mm Minier et al 2007 PWV ~ Chajnantor 30% PWV ~ Dome C 30% Lower atmospheric transmission is generally coupled with higher (sky & instrumental) background and temporal variability Herschel Mattia Vaccari

  6. The Herschel Mission • Herschel is an ESA cornerstone mission • spacecraft, launch (scheduled for 31 Oct 2008) and operations provided by ESA • instruments ‘nationally’ funded with international collaborators • Herschel is the first space facility to completely cover this part of the far infrared and submillimeter (60 - 670 m) range • large (3.5 m) aperture, low emissivity (~5%), passively cooled (70-90 K) telescope • cryogenically cooled focal plane science instruments with >3 years lifetime • total absence of atmospheric absorption and emission • full spectral access with low and stable background • Herschel has unique and complementary characteristics • first 4-m class space telescope ever, has much larger aperture than missions with cryogenically cooled telescopes (IRAS, ISO, Spitzer, Akari,…) • larger & colder aperture, better ‘site’, and more observing time than balloon- and air-born instruments (~1000 SOFIA flights per year) • larger field of view than interferometers • PACS - PI : Albrecht Poglitsch, MPE, Garching, Germany • imaging photometry and spectroscopy over 57-210 m • SPIRE - PI : Matt Griffin, Univerity of Wales, Cardiff, London, United Kingdom • imaging photometry and spectroscopy over 200-670 m • HIFI - PI : Thijs de Graauw, SRON, Groningen, The Netherlands • very high resolution spectroscopy over 480-1250 and 1410-1910 GHz (157-625 m) Herschel Mattia Vaccari

  7. The Actual Spacecraft Launch : 31 Oct 2008 Herschel Mattia Vaccari

  8. Herschel Main Science ObjectivesThe Young & Cold & Dusty Universe • Study the formation and evolution of galaxies in the early universe • how and when did galaxies form? • is there an unknown population of high-z IR galaxies? • star formation rates? bolometric luminosities? • Starburst vs AGN fraction? • ‘connect’ near-IR and sub-mm galaxies • Study the formation of stars and physics of the interstellar medium • how do stars form out of the interstellar medium? • circulation/enrichment of the interstellar medium - astrochemistry • detailed studies of nearby (resolvable) galaxies - templates • Study cometary, planetary, and satellite atmospheres • history of the solar system • pristine material in comets • important water lines Herschel Mattia Vaccari

  9. PACS Herschel Mattia Vaccari

  10. SPIRE Observing Capabilities • 3-band Imaging Photometer - 250, 360, 520 mm (simultaneous) - l/Dl ~ 3 - 4 x 8 arcmin field of view - Diffraction limited beams (17, 24, 35”) • Imaging Fourier Transform Spectrometer - 200 - 670 mm (complete range covered simultaneously) - 2.6 arcmin field of view - Ds = 0.04 cm-1 (l/Dl ~ 20 - 1000 at 250 mm) Herschel Mattia Vaccari

  11. SPIRE Detector Arrays Photometer 500 m 43 detectors 350 m 88 detectors 250 m 139 detectors  Beam FWHM 4 arcmin Sets of detectors with exactly overlapping beams on the sky Spectrometer 200 – 325 mm 37detectors 8 arcmin 315 – 670 mm 19detectors Herschel Mattia Vaccari

  12. Herschel AO Schedule (31 Oct 2008 Launch) Overall (3-yr Baseline Mission) Observing Time Breakdown : ~ 1000 days ~ 20000 hrs Guaranteed Time (GT) = 32% & Open Time (OT) = 68% GT = 30% each to 3 PIs, 7% to HSC, 3% divided between 5 Mission Scientists • Commissioning, Performance Verification & Science Demonstration L - L+6m • Routine Science Operations L+6m - L+42 m • GT & OT Key Projects AO Issue 01 Feb 2007 • GT Key Projects Proposal AO Deadline 05 Apr 2007 (~ 5000 hr) • GT Key Projects Results Announcement 05 Jul 2007 • OT Key Projects Proposal AO Deadline 25 Oct 2007 (~ 5500 hr) • OT Key Projects Results Announcement 28 Feb 2008 • GT & OT Cycle 1 Projects AO Issue 28 Feb 2008 • GT Cycle 1 Projects Proposal AO Deadline 03 Apr 2008 (~ 1000 hr) • GT Cycle 1 Projects Results Announcement 05 Jun 2008 • OT Cycle 1 Projects AO Deadline Late 2008 (~ 5000 hr) • GT & OT Cycle 2 Projects AO Deadline Late 2009 (~ 500 hr + 3000 hr) • Extra Time (0.5 yr “expected” extended mission) Later (~ 3000 hr) Herschel Mattia Vaccari

  13. Padova Involvement • University • Alberto Franceschini : SPIRE Co-I • Giulia Rodighiero : PACS High-z Science Consortium Member • Mattia Vaccari : SPIRE Associate Scientist & ICC Scientist • Gabriele Mainetti : newly hired PhD student • Observatory • Gianfranco De Zotti : SPIRE Consultant • Pasquale Panuzzo (2003-2006) : SPIRE ICC Scientist • Main focus is on high-z galaxy studies through a coordinated program of PACS GT (PEP) and SPIRE GT (HERMES) surveys and on the PACS & SPIRE Instrument Control Centers (ICCs) • PEP + HERMES ~ 1500 hr and arguably the largest single space astronomy project ever (at a very reasonable 50,000 Euros/hr) Herschel Mattia Vaccari

  14. Where do we go from here? • Herschel will launch on 31 Oct 2008 but in the meantime • EARA Herschel WorkShop (18-19 Feb @ IAP) • ASI/INAF Herschel Open Time WorkShop (10-12 Mar @ ASI) • Open Time AO Issue & Deadline expected in March & Late 2008 • Look up info & watch out for updates at http://herschel.esac.esa.int • Note that SCUBA2@JCMT (450/850 m) and AZTEC@LMT (1.1 mm) are also coming online sometime over the next year or so • Well, looking forward to launch… Herschel Mattia Vaccari

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