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Miller Pipeline Corporation

Miller Pipeline Corporation. Confined Space Training. Section 1. The Basics. Between LEL-UEL Just Right. Below LEL (Too Lean). Above UEL (Too Rich). Definitions. Permissible Exposure Limit (PEL)

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Miller Pipeline Corporation

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  1. Miller Pipeline Corporation Confined Space Training

  2. Section 1 The Basics

  3. Between LEL-UEL Just Right Below LEL (Too Lean) Above UEL (Too Rich) Definitions • Permissible Exposure Limit (PEL) • The maximum amount of a substance that a person can be exposed to without it becoming hazardous to health. • Lower Explosive Limit (LEL) • The lowest concentration of a substance that will produce a flash, fire or explosion if an ignition source introduced. • Upper Explosive Limit (UEL) • The highest concentration of a substance that will produce a flash, fire or explosion if an ignition source introduced.

  4. Miller Pipeline’s Typical Confined Space “Confined Space” • A “Confined Space” is any space that meets all of the following criteria: • Large enough for person to enter and perform work. • Limited or restricted means for entry or exit. • Not designed for continuous human occupancy.

  5. “Non-Permit” Confined Space • A confined space that does not have the potential to contain any hazard capable of causing death or serious physical harm.

  6. Because of this Miller Pipeline considers all manholes “permit required” confined spaces. “Permit Required” Confined Space • A confined space that has the potential to contain one of more of the following characteristics: • “Hazardous atmosphere” • Engulfment hazard • Configuration hazard • Any other serious safety or health hazard • Hazardous Energy • Moving Parts • Fluid Level

  7. Miller Pipeline’s Typical Confined Space Hazards “Hazardous Atmosphere” • Oxygen level not adequate • Flammables > 10% of the LEL • Toxins > PEL • Combustible dust > 10% of the LEL

  8. Oxygen • “Room air” is 20.9% • Less than 19.5% is not adequate for breathing • More than 23.5% creates combustible atmosphere

  9. Flammables Methane (CH4) • Explosive at low volume • Reduces Oxygen • *Lighter than air (rises)

  10. Toxins Effects of Exposure • Acute (Detected Now) • Headache • Dizziness • Nausea • Chronic (Detected Later) • Cancer • Organ Damage • Infertility

  11. Main route for CO and H2S Toxins Routes of Entry • Inhalation (breathing) • Ingestion (swallowing) • Injection (blood stream) • Absorption (eyes or skin)

  12. Toxins Carbon Monoxide (CO) • Explosive at medium volume • Toxic at medium volume • *Same weight as air (hovers) • Odorless, colorless, and non-irritating (silent killer)

  13. Toxins Hydrogen Sulfide (H2S) • Explosive at low volume • Toxic at low volume • *Heavier than air (falls) • Initial “rotten egg” odor, but desensitizes sense of smell

  14. ANSWER = 1 death in US every 3 days!!! So… why are we here?

  15. Section 2 Entry Procedure

  16. Entry Procedure RULE #1 – Don’t enter unless absolutely necessary!!

  17. Entry Procedure RULE #2 – Entry not allowed if “Hazardous Atmosphere”

  18. Entry Procedure • 1) Complete & execute ENTRY PERMIT • 2) Set-up TRAFFIC CONTROL for jobsite • 3) Apply necessary LOCKOUT TAGOUT devices • 4) Establish mechanical VENTILATION • 5) Use GAS MONITOR to test atmosphere • 6) Use FALL PROTECTION as required. • 7) Use EMERGENCY EQUIPMENT as needed • 8) Ensure JOBSITE SECURITY prior to leaving

  19. Entry Permit • General Information • Authorized Personnel • Hazard Control • Hot Work Permitting • Required PPE • Monitoring Equipment • Monitoring Results • Authorization

  20. Entry Permit • Completed before all manhole entries • Regardless of how long entry will take • Kept near entrance • Canceled by expiration date/time • Maximum length allowed is 1 shift • Maintained for 1-year after cancellation

  21. Traffic Control • Position vehicles to serve as barrier • Between work zone and oncoming traffic • Turn wheel toward curb • Channel traffic with cones and signs • Cone-off work areas (18” from equipment) • Set-up advanced warning signs • Use flagmen or arrow boards

  22. Lockout Tagout • Whenever there is a potential exposure to “hazardous energy” disengage the energy source and apply lock, tag & energy isolation devices prior to beginning work.

  23. All usually controlled by valves Lockout Tagout • Common pipeline “hazardous energy” sources • Chemical Release • Water Pressure • Steam Build-Up • Other potential “hazardous energy” sources • Electricity • Moving Parts • Air Pressure • Stored Energy

  24. Lockout Tagout • Locking Devices • Free from rust or damage • Not used for other activities • Always accompanied by tag • Key only controlled by owner • Separate lock / tag for each worker • Tagging Devices • Able to withstand environment • Complete, legible & understandable • Securely attached • Energy Isolation Devices • Designed for application

  25. Lockout Tagout • Application Procedure • Prepare to shut-down equipment • Notify individuals affected by shut-down and in area • Perform normal shut-down • Disengage all hazardous energy sources • Apply locking, tagging & energy isolation devices • Verify success by attempting start-up(IMPORTANT!!!) • Removal Procedure • Notify individuals affected by shut-down and in area • Remove devices (only by person who applied devices) • Restore power and conduct normal start-up

  26. Ventilation • Continuously in sewer or if hot-work done • Ensure ventilated air is clean • Nearby vehicles off • Exhaust downwind • Intake vent 5’ from entrance

  27. Ventilation • Tips for effective ventilation: • Use blower with adequate capacity • Place outgoing vent 2’ from bottom of space • Open lid downstream when possible • Place additional ventilation at downstream lid • Allow enough time to completely purge space • Cubic Feet of Pipe / CFM of Blower = Minutes to Wait

  28. Methane CO H2S Gas Monitors • Monitors must be “four-gas” type • May need to supplement in unique situations • Use as recommended • Turn on in safe atmosphere • Ensure unit “zeros-out” • Do not adjust settings • Store in approved cases • Calibrate as required (documented) • Conduct testing as follows: • Outside of lid before removing • Top, middle & bottom of space 30 sec. each • Continuously in sewer or if hot-work done • Carry on body if detach harness from cable

  29. Fall Protection • Mechanical retrieval device used when > 5’ • “Miller Intruder” • Tripod w/ Winch • Winches used and maintained properly • Used for intended load (personnel vs. material) • Inspected annually or after shock-loaded • Ladder used at each entrance/exit • Single rung ladder • Manhole cleats

  30. Fall Protection • Respect the danger of falling into a manhole. • Two employees fall to their death every day in the US. • Many of these falls are from 6’ or less! • Most of our manholes are over 6’ and up to 40’ deep. • Inspect fall protection equipment before each use. • No dents or physical damage to retrieval device. • Winch cable not damaged, winds smoothly, able to be converted to crank, and prevents free fall. • No frays to body harness and all buckles functional.

  31. Fall Protection • Ensure proper assembly of retrieval device. • All pins inserted into slots. • Placed on even/stable foundation. • Store equipment in way to prevent damage. • Store components in secure location. • Avoid stacking other items on retrieval device. • Ensure proper wear of body harness. • Straps securely placed over shoulders and between legs. • Buckles secure, but straps not cutting off circulation. • Double-action hook locked onto d-ring on back.

  32. Emergency Equipment • The following equipment shall also be onsite: • First-aid kit • Fire extinguisher (manned if hot work done) • If operations require traveling down pipe: • Emergency rescue cart • Respiratory Protection

  33. Jobsite Security • Manholes securely placed • Street damage covered • Open trenches barricaded • Housekeeping good / tools picked-up

  34. Section 3 Entry Team

  35. Team Members • Entry Supervisor • Authorized Attendant • Authorized Entrant

  36. Supervisor Duties • Communicate with owner prior to entry • Be present at jobsite throughout entry • Authorize & ensure execution of permit • Assist with identifying & controlling hazards • Cut, block or reroute lines • Block and bleed pipe • Disconnect drive mechanisms • Open, purge & ventilate pipe • Remove dangerous animals • Prescribe PPE

  37. Attendant Duties • Ensure only authorized entry • Take head count during entry • Stay alert & near entrance • Frequently communicate with all entrants • Monitor for behavioral changes • Noticeable Confusion • Increased Irritability • Lack of Coordination • Slurred Speech • Vomiting, Coughing, Wheezing

  38. Attendant Duties • Monitor hazards inside & outside space • Observe & enforce no smoking policy • Initiate evacuation when: • Permit Violated • Gas Monitor Alarms • Behavioral Changes Noticed • Conditions Change that Endanger Entrants • Attendant Must Leave Position • Perform rescue if necessary

  39. Entrant Duties • Wear prescribed PPE • Communicate with Attendant • Monitor body for symptoms • IMMEDIATELY evacuate when: • Symptoms noticed • Gas monitor alarms • Attendant orders evacuation • New hazard introduced

  40. Section 4 Rescue Procedures

  41. Rescue Procedures • Miller Pipeline’s rescue procedures: • Primary = “self-rescue” • Secondary = “winch rescue” • Last Resort = “man entry rescue” • Rescue procedures practiced annually • Attendants first-aid/CPR trained

  42. Rescue Procedures • 1) If evacuation required: • entrants must immediately evacuate; • notify the attendant on way out; • and then notify fellow entrants on way out. • 2) If harness detached from cable and potential for atmosphere to become imminently dangerous: • entrants must carry and use an escape respirator. • 3) If entrants cannot self-evacuate, the Attendant must: • convert the winch and remove entrant with crank; • and administer medical treatment until paramedics arrive.

  43. Rescue Procedures • 4) If man entry rescue must be performed: • find replacement Attendant and have them call 911; • put on all PPE worn by Entrants + respirator (if necessary); • attach cable to harness; • take rescue cart if entrants are located inside pipe; • remove entrants from space; • and administer medical treatment until paramedics arrive.

  44. Rescue Procedures Approximately 36% of all confined space fatalities are would-be rescuers who don’t follow procedures!!

  45. Section 5 Conclusion & Test

  46. Conclusion • FACT = Someone dies in a confined space every 3 days! Confined spaces are “silent killers”… RESPECT CONFINED SPACES! • FACT = 66% of confined space fatalities happen to sewer workers! It is the people in our industry that keep dying… IT CAN HAPPEN TO YOU! • FACT = When employees short-cut safety procedures, the probability of serious injury or death increases drastically. Procedures are established for a reason… FOLLOW PROCEDURES!

  47. Test • 25 Questions (True / False) • Passing Score = 84% (21 of 25) • May NOT Use Book or Neighbor!!! Good Luck!!!

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