Kia Ora

1. Kia Ora

2. Introduction Protecting Maori Cultural and Intellectual Property Tamara Boelée • University of Nijmegen (KUN) • Department of Cultural Anthropology • Centre for Pacific and Asian Studies • Mira Szaszy Research Center for Maori and Pacific Islander Economic Development

3. What: Research Topic Protecting Maori Cultural and Intellectual Property: Knowledge Management, Creativity and the Construction of Identity in the Age of Globalization

4. What: example • Commercial: • William Lawson’s Scottish Whiskey • Ka mate Haka All Blacks

5. “The Haka, more than any other aspect of Maori Culture, is an expression of the passion, vigour and identity of the Maori race.” Alan Armstrong (Reed, 1964) Haka

6. SATURDAY, 11 MAY 2002 Hands off our haka!11 APRIL 2002By JOHN LUNDON The haka is back in the news again. Apparently, the British Broadcasting Corporation (BBC) conscripted a groupof pasty Welshmen plus a couple of London-based Maori rugby players. What: example

7. SATURDAY, 11 MAY 2002 Rules could protect Maori knowledge04 APRIL 2002By CRAIG HOWIETraditional Maori knowledge could be protected under a stand-alone set of intellectual property rules, a government working paper on reforming New Zealand's 50-year-old patent laws says. What: example

8. What: Construction of Identity and Globalisation • Cultural heritage: ‘Traditional value systems and indigenous cultures are not inert deposits of wisdom and ritual, but vital realities that change through time and continue to provide identity and meaning to people conscious of themselves as actors on a shifting historical stage…’ • Goulet,1995

9. What: Construction of Identity and Globalisation • Globalisation: • Cultural heterogeneity and local distinctiveness • Representations of boundedness • Cultural boundaries • Simon Harrison, 1999

10. What: Construction of Identity and Globalisation • Cultural Boundaries • ‘Demarcating the bodies of symbolic practices which ethnic collectivities attribute to themselves in seeking to differentiate themselves from each other expressively’ • Simon Harrison, 1999

11. What: Construction of Identity and Globalisation • Diacritical Inventories: • Modes of dress, livelihood, language, cuisine, music, ritual, religious belief or other symbolic content conceived as distinguishing one group from another’ (Kopytoff 1986: 73) • Simon Harrison, 1999

12. What: Construction of Identity and Globalisation • Cultural Pollution: • Intrusion of foreign forms • Cultural Appropriation/ Piracy • Foreign consumption/ misappropriation • Simon Harrison, 1999

13. TPK Intellectual Property Model TikangaMaori Folklore andCrafts Indigenous Knowledge Biodiversity Property CollectiveMaori PropertyRights Protection Mechanisms Ownership Useconsents Royalty Expropriation Inappropriate Use Overprotection Threats

14. Protecting Cultural Heritage • Bottom-up • Middle-ground • Top-down Stephen Brush

15. Protecting Cultural HeritageBottom-up • WAI 262: ‘flora and fauna claim’ • 1997: ‘Te tino rangatiratanga o te iwi Maori in respect to indigenous flora and fauna me o te ratou taonga katoa includes, but is not limited to ‘matauranga, whakairo, waahi tapu, biodiversity, genetics, Maori symbols and designs and their use and development and associated cultural and customary heritage rights in relation of such taonga’

16. Protecting Cultural HeritageBottom-up • WAI 262: ‘flora and fauna claim’ • ‘Absolute authority’: • Development; • Conserve, preserve and protect; • To use and disposal; • Cultural and spiritual concepts;

17. Protecting Cultural HeritageBottom-up • WAI 262: ‘flora and fauna claim’ • Maui Solomon: • ‘Without the rights of tino rangatiratanga (including rights of ownership, control and decision‑making), Maori are unable to exercise their obligations of kaitiakitanga (guardianship and protection) and manaakitanga (sharing and providing for others)’. • ‘The WAI262 claim can be seen as a microcosm of the global struggle confronting indigenous and traditional peoples seeking protection, not just of their traditional knowledge, but of their whole cultural values system’.

18. Protecting Cultural HeritageBottom-up • WAI 262: ‘flora and fauna claim’ • Flora and fauna; • Cultural property and taonga; • Intellectual property rights;

19. Protecting Cultural HeritageMiddle-ground • toi iho™ maori made mark • Maori artists • Control over cultural heritage; • Maintain integrity of art culture; • Promote/ sell authentic quality Maori arts; • Authenticate exhibitions and performances; • Maori descent;

20. Protecting Cultural HeritageTop-down • Amended Trademarks Bill 2001 • Enabling Maori words and designs to be vetoed as trademarks; • Prevents Registration if it is ‘Culturally Offensive’;

21. What: Research Topic Protecting Maori Cultural and Intellectual Property: Knowledge Management, Creativity and the Construction of Identity in the Age of Globalization

22. NISCO • Inequality • Access to and Control of Resources • Education attainment, labor market success and differentiation in life-style • Importance of structural differences and national policies on socio-economic achievements • Cohesion • Social participation in groups of self-identification • Exclusionist attitudes and behavior • Representations of social reality • Rationalization • Systems of beliefs and meaning, ideologies and practices

23. Questions ?