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Plant structure - cells, tissue, organisation & growth Leaves and photosynthesis

Plant structure - cells, tissue, organisation & growth Leaves and photosynthesis C 4 photosynthesis CAM photosynthesis Plant water relations Plants and nutrients Plant reproduction - asexual - sexual reproduction - pollination - seed dispersal. Shoot system. Root system.

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Plant structure - cells, tissue, organisation & growth Leaves and photosynthesis

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  1. Plant structure - cells, tissue,organisation & growth Leaves and photosynthesis C4 photosynthesis CAM photosynthesis Plant water relations Plants and nutrients Plant reproduction - asexual - sexual reproduction - pollination - seed dispersal

  2. Shoot system Root system

  3. Shoot system Lateral roots Root system Taproot

  4. Shoot system Leaves Stem Lateral roots Root system Taproot

  5. Shoot system Branch Leaves Stem Lateral roots Root system Taproot

  6. Apical bud Lateral bud Shoot system Branch Leaves Stem Lateral roots Root system Taproot

  7. Apical bud Node Lateral bud Internode Node Shoot system Branch Leaves Stem Lateral roots Root system Taproot

  8. Basic functions of roots, stems and leaves:

  9. Roots • Roots: • Find and absorb water • Find and absorb nutrients • Host symbionts • Anchorage and support • Attachment • Photosynthesis • Storage • Breathing or ventilation (mangroves) • Reproduction

  10. Absorbing water and nutrients

  11. Roots of pea plant Nodules Host symbionts

  12. Anchorage and support

  13. Attachment

  14. Photosynthesis!

  15. Storage

  16. pneumatophores

  17. Asexual reproduction

  18. Stems

  19. Transport and support.

  20. Cactus stems store water, photosynthesize.

  21. Stolons produce new individuals at nodes above ground.

  22. Rhizomes produce new individuals at nodes below ground.

  23. Tubers store carbohydrates.

  24. Thorns provide protection.

  25. Leaves • Intercept light • Fix CO2 • Storage • Food • Water • Support • Protection (spines) • Collect nutrients • Animals • Leaves and compost • Reproduction • Asexual • Sexual (pollination)

  26. Sunlight Shoot system CO2 Transport of water, sugar, and nutrients through vascular tissue Root system Water Nutrients (such as N, P, K)

  27. Plant structure • - cells, tissue, organisation & growth • Leaves and photosynthesis • C4 photosynthesis • CAM photosynthesis • Plant water relations • Plants and nutrients • Plant reproduction • asexual • sexual reproduction • - pollination • - seed dispersal

  28. Growth Determinate growth

  29. Growth Determinate growth Indeterminate growth

  30. Growth Determinate growth Indeterminate growth

  31. Growth Determinate growth Indeterminate growth

  32. (a) Longitudinal section of root segment Primary Growth Lateral root Zone of Cellular Maturation Root hair (b) Close-up of root tip Vascular tissue Zone of Cellular Elongation Ground tissue Epidermal tissue Zone of Cellular Division Apical mersitem Sloughed-off root cap cells mucilage Root cap

  33. Primary Growth Leaf primordia Apical meristem at tip of shoot Apical meristem in lateral bud

  34. Primary growth

  35. Secondary Growth Cross section of a eudicot stem Epidermis Cortex Pith (ground tissue) Vascular bundle

  36. Detailed view of vascular bundle in a eudicot Epidermis Collenchyma Phloem Cambium Xylem

  37. Secondary meristem = cambium

  38. Secondary meristem = cambium Cylinders the length of root or stem

  39. Secondary meristem = cambium Cylinders the length of root or stem Increase width of stems and roots

  40. Woody stems contain two lateral meristems. Vascular cambium adds cells on inside and outside

  41. Woody stems contain two lateral meristems. Vascular cambium adds cells on inside and outside Cork cambium adds cells to the outside

  42. Wood and bark contain a variety of cells and tissues. Cork Cork cambium Bark Secondary phloem Vascular cambium Wood Parenchyma cells (in rays) Secondary xylem

  43. Secondary phloem Differentiation Division Differentiation Division Differentiation Vascular cambium Division Growth Secondary xylem Time

  44. Heartwood and sapwood have different functions. Heartwood provides structural support but no longer transports water Sapwood transports water Bark

  45. Growth rings result from variation in cell size. Late wood One growth ring Early wood

  46. Increment borer cuts core from trunk.

  47. Core samples from three nearby trees These samples are lined up by year; notice similar ring patterns in trees from the same area

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