South Pacific Map Items

1. South Pacific Map Items

2. Midway Island Northern Marianas Islands 1 4 Hawaii Guam Wake Island 18 2 6 Johnston Island Marshall Islands 5 3 Federated States of Micronesia Palau Marquesas Islands .Howland Is. .Baker Is. 7 (Islands) Jarvis Is. Nauru Kiribati Solomon Is. Tokelau (NZ) Tuvalu Guadalcanal Is. Cook Islands Wallis & Fautuna (FR) Vanuatu French Polynesia 11 Papua New Guinea 17 Caledonia Niue Tonga Samoa Australia 13 Fiji 16 Tahiti 10 (Island) Pitcairn Island 9 American Samoa 12 Easter Island 8 Tasmania 15 New Zealand 14

3. Micronesia Polynesia Melanesia

4. Papua New Guinea New Guinea Port Moresby Great Barrier Reef Australia Great Dividing Range Brisbane Ayer’s Rock Perth Sydney Canberra Auckland Melbourne Wellington Christchurch Tasmania New Zealand

5. The South Pacific Countries

6. Australia • “The Land Down Under” • World’s smallest, flattest, lowest continent • About size of US • Only inhabited continent entirely in S. Hemisphere • Interior = Outback • Uluru (Ayer’s Rock) = large sandstone rock • Most is underground; sacred to Aborigines • One of largest monoliths in world • Great Barrier Reef • 1200 miles long: world’s largest; fragile, hurting

7. 1135 feet high Stone Mountain: 825

10. The Australian Outback

11. The Olgas

16. Land • Dry • Little rain: • Rainshaddow and it’s at 30º S latitude • Causes massive brush fires • Most of the interior is desert/steppe • Only non-arid areas are along east coast • Only one major river system • In southeastern corner • Big lake: Lake Eyre (‘air’) • Only fills up with water (19.6 ft) about once every 25 years; lowest spot in Australia

20. Lake Eyre Only fills up with massive amounts of rain Last full lake: 1974-1976! Fresh water at first… …salt dissolves, makes it salty When over 13 feet deep, as salty as ocean (every 10 years)

21. Endemic Koala (not a bear!) Kangaroo Emu Platypus Spiny anteater Wallaby Tasmanian Devil Eucalyptus 500 species 90% are trees Not endemic Dingo Sheep Rabbits HUGE population Fox Used to hunt the rabbits… Plants and Animals

26. People • Aborigines • First settlers • 45,000 years ago from SE Asia • Like American Indians • Nomads, hunters and gatherers • Freedom/land taken by whites • In the process of getting land back • Europeans • 1788: British use as prison colony! • Part of the Commonwealth Realm: recognizes Elizabeth as its Queen, but is independent

27. Most live in cities on east and south coast • Sydney: biggest • Opera House • 2000 Olympics • Immigration increasing Economy • 1/3 of the world’s wool • Sheep to human = 8:1 • Beef • One of world’s leading producers • Problem: methane!!!

30. Pacific Islands 3 types of islands • High islands: Volcanoes; large population • Hawai’i, Guam, Tahiti • High continental islands: broke away from continents • New Zealand, New Guinea, Tasmania • Low islands: Coral rings; low pop.; limited resources • Atoll = ring around a shallow lagoon; made from extinct volcano

32. Most inhabited by Asians long time ago • Most had kings • Ancient gods and traditions • Some still around through recent effort • Explored for British by James Cook • Christian missionaries spread religion • Many European colonies • US has 10 territories and possessions • US citizens, individual governments

33. New Zealand • Not Australians • Different group • Call themselves “Kiwis” • Kiwi: • Bird • Fruit • Sheep to humans: • 15:1

34. US territories like Puerto Rico, citizens Non-voting member in Congress Big battles in WWIIUninhabited except for US gov’t USTerritories • Guam • American Samoa • Northern Marianas Islands • Bikini Atoll • Johnston Atoll • Midway Island • Wake Island • Used as an airliner stopover and military missile base Nuclear testing sites in 1950s and 1960s; (Bikini now part of Marshall Is.)

36. Johnson Atoll Midway Islands

37. 4 – 10 ft. 10 - 20 ft. 40 ft. 3 – 10 ft. 10 ft. 8 ft.

38. Bikini Atoll

39. Operation Crossroads

40. Operation Castle Bravo Blast

41. Operation Ivy Mike Blast

42. Operation Ivy Mike Blast

43. Wake Island

44. Easter Island • Ancient large heads • Belongs to Chile

45. - Called “moai” - 887 throughout the island

46. Tahiti and Marquesas • Part of French Polynesia

47. Pitcairn Island • Settled by mutineers from HMS Bounty • Captain William Bligh and 17 crewmen set adrift by 27 crewmembers • Crew, led by Fletcher Christian, and Tahitian women settled Pitcairn Island in 1789 • Population: 1937 = 233 • Descendents today = 48 (9 families) • Labor force: “15 able bodied men” • No port/natural harbor; supplies brought by longboat • Last British colony in the Pacific