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Nucleic Acids The Ultimate Building Blocks

Nucleic Acids The Ultimate Building Blocks. Purines. Adenosine monophosphate NUCLEOTIDE. Adenine BASE. Deoxyadenosine monophosphate DEOXYNUCLEOTIDE. Deoxyadenosine DEOXYNUCLEOSIDE. Adenosine NUCLEOSIDE. Purines. Guanosine monophosphate NUCLEOTIDE. Guanine BASE. Deoxyguanosine

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Nucleic Acids The Ultimate Building Blocks

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  1. Nucleic Acids The Ultimate Building Blocks

  2. Purines Adenosine monophosphate NUCLEOTIDE Adenine BASE Deoxyadenosine monophosphate DEOXYNUCLEOTIDE Deoxyadenosine DEOXYNUCLEOSIDE Adenosine NUCLEOSIDE

  3. Purines Guanosine monophosphate NUCLEOTIDE Guanine BASE Deoxyguanosine monophosphate DEOXYNUCLEOTIDE Deoxyguanosine DEOXYNUCLEOSIDE Guanosine NUCLEOSIDE

  4. Pyrimidines Cytidine monophosphate NUCLEOTIDE Cytosine BASE Deoxycytidine monophosphate DEOXYNUCLEOTIDE Deoxycytidine DEOXYNUCLEOSIDE Cytidine NUCLEOSIDE

  5. Pyrimidines (DNA only) Thymidine monophosphate NUCLEOTIDE Thymine BASE Deoxythymidine monophosphate DEOXYNUCLEOTIDE Deoxythymidine DEOXYNUCLEOSIDE Thymidine NUCLEOSIDE

  6. Pyrimidines (RNA only) Uracil BASE Uridine Monophosphate NUCLEOTIDE Uridine NUCLEOSIDE

  7. AMP/dAMP Nucleotide monphosphate ADP/dADP Nucleotide diphosphate ATP/dATP Nucleotide triphosphate

  8. Minor Bases in DNA Ribose Uridine

  9. Minor Bases in RNA

  10. The stability of RNA v. DNA

  11. Fatty Acids

  12. Nomenclature Saturated = -anoic acid, -anoate Unsaturated = -enoic acid, -enoate Three systems of nomenclature symbol, systematic, common Take the example of fatty acid with 16 carbons 16 carbon hydrocarbon = hexadecane Fatty acid C16:0 hexadecanoic acid (hexadecanoate) palmitic acid (palmitate) 1 double bond = C16:1, hexadecenoic acid 2 double bonds = C16:2, hexadecadienoic acid

  13. Symbol Common Name Systematic Name 12:0 Lauric acid Dodecanoic acid 14:0 Myristic acid Tetradecanoic acid 16:0 Palmitic acid Hexadecanoic acid 16:1 ∆9 Palmitoleic acid 9-Hexadecenoic acid 18:0 Stearic acid Octadecanoic acid 18:1 ∆9 Oleic acid 9-octadecenoic acid 18:2 ∆9∆12 Linoleic acid 9,12-octadecadienoic acid 18:3 ∆9∆12∆15 Linolenic acid 9,12,14-octadecatrienoic acid 20:0 Arachidic acid Eicosanoic acid 20:4 ∆5∆8∆11∆14 Arachidonic acid 5,8,11,14-eicosatetraenoic acid 20:5 ∆5∆8∆11∆14∆17 Eicospentaenoic acid 5,8,11,14,17-eicosapentaenoic acid 22:0 Behenic acid Docosanoic acid 24:0 Lignoceric acid Tetracosanoic acid 24:1 ∆15 Nervonic acid 15-tetracosenoic acid

  14. Storage lipids/Neutral lipids Triglycerides Triacylglycerol Sterylesters

  15. Triglycerides, triacylglycerol 1-octadecanoyl, 2-(9,12-octadecadienoyl), 3-hexadecanoyl-glycerol

  16. L-glycerol Monoacylglycerol Diacylglycerol Triacylglycerol If R1 = octadecanoate 1-octadecanoylglycerol If R1 = R2 = octadecanoate 1-octadecanoyl-2-octadecanoylglycerol If R1 = R2 = R3 = octadecanoate 1-octadecanoyl-2-octadecanoyl-3-octadecanoylglycerol

  17. Structural Lipids - Membrane components Diphytanyl lipids Sphingolipids Glycerolipids

  18. L-glycerol-3-phosphate Lysophosphatidate or monoacylphosphatidate Phosphatidate or Diacylphosphatidate If R1 = octadecanoate 1-octadecanoylphosphatidate If R1 = R2 = octadecanoate 1-octadecanoyl-2-octadecanoylphosphatidate

  19. 1-hexadecanoyl, 2-(9-octadecenoyl)phosphatidyl-X

  20. Galactolipids 1-(9,12-octadecadienoyl)-2-(9,12-octadecadienoyl)-3-a-galactosylglycerol

  21. Stereochemistry of sphingosine Glycerol

  22. N-acylsphingosine 2-acylsphingosine 2-acylceramide

  23. Sphingosine 1 3 2 2-hexacosanoylsphingosine 2-hexacosanoylceramide 2-hexacosanoyl-1-phosphosphingosine 2-hexacosanoyl-1-phosphoceramide

  24. Ganglioside Page 388

  25. Gangliosidoses

  26. ABO Blood Group is Determined by Glycosphingolipids • Consists of A, B, and O antigens • Components of RBCs surface sphingoglycolipids • Type O: has O antigen, precursor to A and B type • Type A: non-reducing end has an N-acetylglucosamine • Type B: non-reducing end has a galactose residue

  27. Sphingosine Fatty Acid Gal GalNac Gal Glc Fuc Sphingosine Fatty Acid Gal GalNac Gal Glc Fuc

  28. Ether lipids

  29. Archaebacterial ether lipids

  30. Lipids act as Signal molecules

  31. Arachidonic acid or 5,8,11,14-eicosatetraenoic acid

  32. The Isoprenoid Pathway Acetyl-CoA HMG-CoA Statins Mevalonate

  33. Cholesterol

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