Background Information:

1. Pre-Reading • Background Information: • 1 Dante’s work “The Divine Comedy”《神曲》 includes three sections, what are they? • 2 Read Chaucer’s work “The Canterbury Tales”. What is it about? • 3 Read Virgil’s work after class. Tell us the story of “Troy War”.

2. ⅡWord-Study

3. Word Formation acquisition n. acquisitive adj. 1. acquire/get/obtain • I managed to____ 2 tickets for the concert. • Eg: Most people don’t like whisky at first—it’s an _____ taste. get/obtain acquired

4. 2 assume Synonyms presume suppose 1 He got away and is____ to be living in Spain. 2 从他们谈话的方式我推测他们是夫妻. 3 她应该单独见他的啊. She was ___to meet him alone. presumed/assumed supposed

5. 2 assume Synonyms presume suppose • assume “假定，以为，假定为真的”，其中心理因素大于逻辑推理的因素。 Assuming it rains tomorrow, what shall we do? 　　　科学家们推测火星上没有生命．. • Presume “以为，认定，推测”，以经验作根据或合乎逻辑的推　　　　　　　　　　　　　　测，有较充分的理由，但结论有可能不正确。重在推测且语气正式。 He got away and is presumed to be living in Spain. 　　从他们谈话的方式我推测他们是夫妻 From the way they talked I presumed them to be a couple. • Suppose “认定，假想，猜想”，正式程度最低。强调一种尝试性的建议、意见、而非某种确指或判断，即只陈述自己的意见。 It was quite reasonable to suppose they wanted the money too.

6. Word formations -ize/-ise -fy -en 3. Verbal affix -ize/-iseto cause to be; to make; to become modernize / stabilize / realize / crystalize / materialize /standardize / computerize / idealize / capitalize to put into stated place hospitalize / centralize / socialize -fyto cause to be purify / simplify / clarify / justify / notify / simplify / classify identify / terrify / qualify / -ento become darken / weaken / blacken / sadden to be made of wooden / golden / woolen

7. 4 certify Synonyms justify verify testify • 1). certify   to declare formally, esp in writing or on a  printed document  （尤指书面证明） 　　　　　他证实了那是他妻子的笔迹. • 2). justify      show that sth / sb is right, reasonable or just （表明或证明某人或某事是正当的，有理的或公正的） • They found it hard to justify their son’s giving up a secure well-paid job. 

8. 3). verify      to check; to make sure sth is true or accurate（证实，核查） • 电脑核实了这些下载的数据很正确. The computer verified the data was loaded correctly. • 4). testify     declare as a witness, esp in court; give evidence（提供证据，作证） • Two witnesses testified against her and one in her favor.

9. Synonyms 5 disaster accident/calamity/ catastrophe/misfortune • drought; earthquake; fire; flood; hurricane(飓风 ); storm; typhoon; tornado(龙卷风)；wreck(船难)；collision；air crash ； • accident 常指不可预知的意外事故 • calamity 正式用语。“灾难、祸患、不幸事件”。主要指自然原因造成的严重的不幸与灾难 E.g. • The president called on the whole country to fight against the natural calamity. • catastrophe “烈性灾难”，如二战时欧洲犹太人受到法西斯德国的大规模屠杀和30万中国人在南京被日军残杀等事件都可被称为catastrophe. E.g. • misfortune; mishap小灾小难

10. 6. body / faculty / staff • body group of people working or acting as a unit a body of supporters a legislative body a government body the student body the governing body • facultythe whole teaching staff in one of the departments or in the whole university • The entire faculty of the university will attend the meeting.

11. Staff (usu. sing) • group of assistants working together in a business, etc responsible to a manager or a person in authority the hotel staff the shop staff We need more staff in the office. • 2. Those people doing administrative work a head teacher and her staff (校长及全体教师） The school staff are expected to supervise school meals.

12. resource Synonyms source origin • resource 主要指个人、集体，特别是一个国家等所拥有的物质财富、财力、资源、原材料等。一般用复数形式。resource作为不可数名词时，意为“机智、应变能力”。 We must exploit the natural resources of our country. He was a man of great resource. • source “水源，源头，发源地，某种东西、信息或疾病的起因，来源，出处”。Source 用作复数形式时，通常指用于研究或调查的最原始的资料和文件。 The reporter refused to name the source of the information. historical sources史料 sources materials原始资料 • origin常指某事的“起源、由来”，还指“出身、血统”。 He is a man of noble origin.

13. 8. sensitive / sensible • sensiblereasonablea sensible person / suggestion • sensitive easily hurt, damaged, affected, offended, upset a sensitive nerve heat-sensitive a sensitive girl sensitive to criticism

14. While-Reading • 1 Text Structure • 2 Theme • 3 Language points

15. Theme The author tries to clarify the purpose of a university: to put the students in touch with the best civilization that human race has created. The end of Theme.

16. Structure of the Text Text Analysis Part 1 (paras. 1— ) : Part 2 (paras. ) : • It describes the writer’s encounter with one of his student.   8 • Restates what the writer still believes to be the purpose of a university: putting its students in touch with the best civilizations the human race has created. 9-14

17. Teaching Focus • 1 Irony (sarcastic and humourous) Euphemism 委婉语 • 2 verbal affix: -ize/-ise • 3 Grammar:as/could have done • 4 Sentence structures: • have no business doing sth. • 5 Long sentences paraphrase

18. Language Points Questions for paragraph 1: 1 Under what circumstance did the professor meet the student? What does “disaster” refer to? 2 What did the student look like? How did he behave? 3 What was the course the professor offered? Was the student interested? what did he say to the professor one day?

19. 1Let me tell you one of the earliest disasters in my career as a teacher. Synonyms occupation profession/trade • e.g.:Mr. Smith had an usual ____: he • was first an office clerk, then a sailor, and ended up as a school teacher. • A. profession B. occupation • C. position D. career • adj. career man / woman • derivation: careerism 发达主义以升官为目的主义 • careerist 野心家，不顾一切想要发达的人 • career: n./ adj. D

20. occupation指人们正在从事的职业或工作 • profession指经过长期学习或训练后才能获得的专门的职业。 该词常用语表达通过某种资格考试或获得某个学位后的脑力劳动者所从事的职业。 • trade 指需要有熟练技术的、以营利为目的的职业，主要指手工业。 • vocation: a job one does because one thinks one has a special fitness or ability to give service to other people; 胜任且符合兴趣的工作，以服务为宗旨的工作。

21. 2…I was fresh out of …Kansas City.: • I had just completed my graduate studies and began teaching at the University of Kansas City. • be fresh out of sth.: to have just come from a particular place; to have just had a particular experience. 刚用完，刚卖完 • e.g. • We’re fresh out of tomatoes. • He was fresh out of words.

22. 3 Part of the student body…teach me something. • The word "beanpole" means "a tall thin person". Here the writer deliberately evokes a "beanpole", a pole farmers use as a support in vegetable gardens. • part of the student body: one of the students • the student body: all the students of the university • body: a group of people who work or act together社团，团体

23. 6. body / faculty / staff • body group of people working or acting as a unit a body of supporters a legislative body a government body the student body the governing body • facultythe whole teaching staff in one of the departments or in the whole university • The entire faculty of the university will attend the meeting.

24. 4 I could have pointed out①that[he had enrolled, not in a drugstore-mechanics school,butin a college] and ②that[ at the end of his course he meant to reach for a scroll that read Bachelor of Science.:] technical school intend to obtain certificate have…written

25. I could have told him that he was now not getting training for a job in a technical school but doing a B. S. at a university. • (1) enroll in : officially join a course, school, etc. • e.g. • 他参加了两个月的托福学习. • He is enrolled in a two-month course for TOEFL. • When he failed the national college entrance exams, he decided to enrollin a technical school.

26. 5 It would certify that he had specialized in pharmacy, but it would further certify that he had been exposed to some of the ideas mankind has generate within its history.: state officially be introduced to produce in the past • The B. S. certificate would be an official proof that the holder had special knowledge of pharmacy but it would also be a proof that he/she • had learned/absorbed some profound ideas of the past

27. (1) certify that: to state especially in writing, e.g. • This is to certify that Ms. Li Lin worked for IBM Beijing Office from January 1998 to June 2000. (2) specialize in: to limit all or most of one's study, business, etc. to a particular activity E.g.张教授专门研究美国话剧． Professor Zhang specializes in American drama. My sister specializes in contract law.

28. (3) be exposed to (usually, a new idea or feeling): to be given experience of it, or introduced to it, 使处于…作用或影响之下 e.g. 我们应该接触不同的文化. • (4) generate: to produce or create sth. • generate ideas/electricity

29. 6 That is to say, he had not entered butand in universities students enroll for both training and education.: a technical training school a university • Why did the professor draw a line between training and education? In what way are they different? • education: is used in a broad sense, not only the process of acquiring knowledge and developing skills, but also that of improving the mind.

30. 7 I could have told him all this, but it was fairly obvious he wasn't going to be around long enough for it to matter. to be present I didn’t tell him. whether I told him all this to be important

31. 8 "For the rest of your life," I said, "your days are going to average out to about twenty-four hours." • (1) average out (to):(informal) to come to an average level or standard.平均为… • e.g.大学每天平均花20元饭钱. • Meals at the university average out to about 20 yuan per day. • The couple's income averages out to 5,000 yuan a month.

32. 真题搜索 • The ____ runner can run 2 miles in fifteen minutes. (CET-6, 1997年6 月) A. common B. usual C. average D. general • The ____ driver thinks accidents only happen to other people.( TEM-4, 1994年) A. average B. common C. usual D. normal • The ____ family in Chinese cities now spends more money in housing than before. (TEM-4 2002年) A. normal B. average C. usual D. general

33. 9 hold (= hold good): to be true or valid, to apply; to remain in a certain state, • <口>继续有用（或有价值） • e.g. • What he said still holds good. • Can the good weather hold?

34. 10. ...be usefully employed. be employed in doing sth.: ( written) to spend your time doing sth. • Example: • 1 那人整天忙于读啊，写啊，以及打太极. That man's days were employed in reading, writing and doing Chinese boxing. • 2 那位老妇人成天忙于给孙子们编织毛衣． The old lady was busily employed in knitting sweaters for her grandsons.

35. 11 Assume you have gone through pharmacy school ...: • Suppose/Let's imagine you have completed your studies of pharmacy ... • go through: 经历，经过；审阅，检查；做完工作等

36. collocation • go back on 食言，背弃 • go in for 参加从事，追求 • go into进入, 加入, 探究, • go for去找, 努力获取, 被认为, 主张, 拥护 • go after 追求追逐 • go over仔细检查，复习 • go on

37. 真题搜索 • 1) David likes country life and has decided to ____ farming. (CET-6, 1997,6) • A. go in for B. go back on • C. go through with D. go along with • 2) Then the speaker ____ the various factors leading to the present economic crisis. (CET-4, 1995, 6) A. went after B. went into C. went for D. went on • 3) The terrorists might have planted a bomb on a plane in Athens, set to ____ when it arrived in NY. (CET-6, 1999,6) • A. go off B. get off • C. come off D. carry off A B A

38. A • 4) There are other problems which I don’t propose to ____ at the moment. (CET-4, 1996,1) A. go into B. go around C. go for D. go up • 5) Will you ____ this passage to see if there is any misprint? A. look up B. go over C. dwell on D. work out • 6) The early pioneers had to ____ many hardships to settle on the new land. ( CET-4,200,6) A. go along with B. go back on C. go through D. go into B C

39. make sure poisonous chemical • 12 You will see to it that the cyanide stays out of the aspirin, that the bull doesn't jump the fence, or that your client doesn't go to the electric chair as a result of your incompetence. out of control death sentence You have to take responsibility for the work you do. If you're a pharmacist, you should make sure that aspirin is not mixed with poisonous chemicals. As an engineer, you shouldn't get things out of control. If you become a lawyer, You should make sure an innocent person is not sentenced to death because you lack adequate legal knowledge and skill to defend your client.

40. 1Let me tell you one of the earliest disasters in my career as a teacher. Synonyms occupation profession/trade • e.g.:Mr. Smith had an usual ____: he • was first an office clerk, then a sailor, and ended up as a school teacher. • A. profession B. occupation • C. position D. career • adj. career man / woman • derivation: careerism 发达主义以升官为目的主义 • careerist 野心家，不顾一切想要发达的人 • career: n./ adj. D

41. 真题搜索 • The ____ runner can run 2 miles in fifteen minutes. (CET-6, 1997年6 月) A. common B. usual C. average D. general • The ____ driver thinks accidents only happen to other people.( TEM-4, 1994年) A. average B. common C. usual D. normal • The ____ family in Chinese cities now spends more money in housing than before. (TEM-4 2002年) A. normal B. average C. usual D. general

42. average, common, general, universal, usual　　这一组形容词都有"普通"的意思。 • average a.普通的，一般的，它强调的是一般水准或普通水准；通常在有数字出现的情况下，表示"平均的"。The average runner can run 2 miles in fifteen minutes.跑步者15分钟内平均跑两英里。 • common a.常见的，普通的，不足为奇的，有时引申为"平凡的"，强调事物的共同性。另外，它还有"公共的，共同的"之意。Car accidents are a common occurrence.交通事故是很普通的事件。 • general a.普通的，一般的，表示涉及到各方面，强调整体性而非个别和例外，该词的反义词为particular。In general, the economy is doing well now.总的来说，现在的经济形式还不错。 • universal a.普遍的，比general语气更强，有"全然没有例外"的意思。Poverty is a universal problem all over the world.贫困是世界各地普遍存在的问题。 • usual a.通常的，惯常的，强调"习惯性的，符合规章制度的"，是个一般用语。

43. see to it that务必做到，保证 • 你能保证所有的邀请都是今天发出去吗？ • Can you see to itthat all the invitations are delivered today? • I'll see to it that everything is ready before the guests arrive. • see to: 注意，照料，办理，保证；修补，诊治， • e.g. • The security of the goods must be seen to. You ought to have your eyes seen to by a doctor. • 真题搜索： • The politician says he will ____ the welfare of the people.(CET-6,1997,1) • A. prey onB. take onC. get atD. see to D

44. 真题搜索 • 1)Putting in a new window will ____ cutting away part of the roof. (CET-4, 2000, 6) A. include B. involve C. contain D. comprise • 2) The main road through Littlebury was blocked for three hours today after an accident ____ two lorries. (TEM-4,1996) A. involving B. including C. combining D. containing B A

45. Synonymscomprise/contain/embrace hold/include 13 involve • comprise指有许多部分集中在一起构成整体。在意义上，常指组成或构成抽象的事物。在用法上，常用作及物动词，多用主动语态。在非正式场合或不严格情况下，也用作不及物动词，与of搭配。 • E.g. • 50 states comprise the United States. • The board of management comprised of very zealous and able men. • contain着重指被包容的东西是整体中的组成部分，也指在一个大的容器中容纳许多小的事物。 • embrace强调把全部包括在内，只用于事物。 • hold指某一物体能接纳一定数量的人或物，侧重只能容纳或有足够的容量。 • include 它的宾语是所包含的部分内容。 • involve侧重指抽象事物所包含的成分。着重于基本部分与整体的内在联系。

46. 14 Along with everything else, they will probably be what puts food on your table, supports your wife, and rears your children. • In addition to all other things (such as satisfaction) these professions offer, they provide you with a living so that you can support a family—wife and children. • along with: in addition to sb. /sth e.g. • 他和他的朋友一起去旅行． • She placed the bank notes, along with the change and receipts, back in the drawer.

47. 15. may it always suffice. • suffice: v. to be enough • sufficient----adj. enough • sufficiency----n. the state of being or having enough • efficient your income be enough to support a family

48. 16 do with: • (1)（与what连用）用，利用e.g. • I don’t know what to do with this strange object. • (2)（与what连用）对待，处理e.g. • They do not know what to do with all the garbage here. • (3)（与what连用）放置 • What do you do with rice straw in your country? • (4) （与could，can连用）想要，需要e.g. • I could do with a drink.

49. 17 Will the children ever be exposed to a reasonably penetrating idea at home? be introduced to • Will your children ever hear you talk about something profound at home? to an extent that is good but not very good deep and acute

50. Exercise • (1) be exposed to (usually, a new idea or feeling): to be given experience of it, or introduced to it, 使处于…作用或影响之下 e.g. 我们应该接触不同的文化. we should be exposed to different cultures. • (2) reasonably: to a degree that is fairly good but not very good, e.g. 她想找一个离大学还算比较近的地方. She wants to find a place reasonably close (= not far from) to her university.