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Aging study of large triple-GEM detectors for the high rate environment in CMS

Aging study of large triple-GEM detectors for the high rate environment in CMS. RD51 miniweek 16/06/2014. Jeremie Merlin IPHC-CERN. On Behalf of the CMS GEM collaboration. Aging study of large triple-GEM detectors for the high rate environment in CMS. CMS GEM config. :. Al cover.

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Aging study of large triple-GEM detectors for the high rate environment in CMS

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  1. Aging study of large triple-GEM detectors for the high rate environment in CMS RD51 miniweek 16/06/2014 Jeremie Merlin IPHC-CERN On Behalf of the CMS GEM collaboration

  2. Aging study of large triple-GEM detectors for the high rate environment in CMS CMS GEM config. : Al cover Readout PCB Std GEM : Kapton 50μm Copper 5μm Holes 70μm (dia) Pitch 140μm 1mm GEM 3 2mm GEM 2 1mm GEM 1 3mm Drift PCB Al cover RD51 miniweek 16/06/2014 J. A. Merlin On behalf of the CMS GEM collaboration

  3. Aging study of large triple-GEM detectors for the high rate environment in CMS GE 2/1 – 1.6 < η < 2.4 GE 1/1 – 1.55 < η < 2.2 Expected rate : HL-LHC = few kHz/cm2 // Phase II = few 10s kHz/cm2 Expected charge after 10 years : 100 mC/cm2 (Gain: 20 000) AGING ? With new configuration RD51 miniweek 16/06/2014 J. A. Merlin On behalf of the CMS GEM collaboration

  4. Aging study of large triple-GEM detectors for the high rate environment in CMS Aging of Gas Detectors : -> Radiation hardness - modifications of the physical, chemical and electrical properties of the materials (GEM, O-rings, electronics …) test : preferably with neutrons (bulk modification) -> CERN yellow book + CMS GEM tests -> Mechanical stability - modifications of the stretching strength with time inducing non-uniformity test : gain uniformity test + temperature cycles -> Classical Aging - production of polymers in the plasmas surrounding the GEM holes(various effects : gain losses, non-uniformity, self-sustained discharges, increase of the dark current, degradation of the space/time/energy resolutions, lower rate capability …) test : strong irradiation in realistic conditions with gain monitoring and beam tests RD51 miniweek 16/06/2014 J. A. Merlin On behalf of the CMS GEM collaboration

  5. Aging study of large triple-GEM detectors for the high rate environment in CMS Detectors under test : - Preliminary work -> GE1/1 prototype III (without spacer but glue and PTFE) - Classical aging test -> GE1/1 prototype IV (No spacer, No glue, final set of materials) - Outgassing study -> materials from GE1/1 prototype IV • 137Cs source • 566 GBq • Gamma 662 keV • Distance : 40 cm • 55Fefor the reference chambers • 3-5 MBq • X-rays 5.9 keV • Distance : 1 cm + stainless steel window • 109Cd additional outgassing study • 6 MBq • X-rays 22-25 keV • Distance : 1 cm + stainless steel window RD51 miniweek 16/06/2014 J. A. Merlin On behalf of the CMS GEM collaboration

  6. Aging study of large triple-GEM detectors for the high rate environment in CMS Gas system SWPC at GEM output lead lead SWPC 137CS Outgassing Box GEM GE1/1 - IV lead outgassing test SWPC at GEM input aging test Gas : Ar/CO2/CF4 : 45/15/40 RD51 miniweek 16/06/2014 J. A. Merlin On behalf of the CMS GEM collaboration

  7. Aging study of large triple-GEM detectors for the high rate environment in CMS RD51 miniweek 16/06/2014 J. A. Merlin On behalf of the CMS GEM collaboration

  8. Aging study of large triple-GEM detectors for the high rate environment in CMS RD51 miniweek 16/06/2014 J. A. Merlin On behalf of the CMS GEM collaboration

  9. Aging study of large triple-GEM detectors for the high rate environment in CMS pre-amplifier input shaper SWPC attenuator delay O O to CPU veto logic BRIDGE QDC O gate OR amplifier discriminator SWPC dual timer input GE1/1-IV Programmable Logic Controller Pico-A T°C to CPU to CPU Pico-A Nat. Instr. P mbar DAQ humi. % RD51 miniweek 16/06/2014 J. A. Merlin On behalf of the CMS GEM collaboration

  10. Aging study of large triple-GEM detectors for the high rate environment in CMS SWPC Ar/CO2/CF4 (45:15:40) 55Fe 3.5 MBq Temperature Pressure Peak position Measurement Correlation Correction Gmeas G0= A0A1.e(B0 . 1/P+B1 . T) RD51 miniweek 16/06/2014 J. A. Merlin On behalf of the CMS GEM collaboration

  11. Aging study of large triple-GEM detectors for the high rate environment in CMS Purity check before testing the detectors • Very first step :GAS LINE CHECK • - SWPC on the output of the gas tubing to ensure cleanliness (> 2 weeks) RD51 miniweek 16/06/2014 J. A. Merlin On behalf of the CMS GEM collaboration 11

  12. Aging study of large triple-GEM detectors for the high rate environment in CMS Classical Aging Test (GE1/1-IV) Sector 1 PRELIMINARY Use of attenuation filters • -> GE1/1-IV : • Gas gain : 2x104 • Ar/CO2/CF4:45/15/40 • Gas flow rate : 0.5L/h • Max interaction rate : kHz/cm2 • -> GIF / common facility • - frequent use of lead filters • -> First observations : • - interaction rate similar to CMS • - accumulated charge : 9 mC/cm2 • No aging effect observed in the GE1/1 detector up to 9mC/cm2 in realistic conditions • Investigations for better corrections Electronics baseline fluctuation ? Sector 2 Use of attenuation filters PRELIMINARY Electronics baseline fluctuation ? RD51 miniweek 16/06/2014 J. A. Merlin On behalf of the CMS GEM collaboration

  13. Aging study of large triple-GEM detectors for the high rate environment in CMS • Monitoring gas purity in GE11 gas tubing: • Significant gain drop observed in reference SWPCs (input and output of GE11) • Presence of C, O, F, S, Caand K on the aged wires SWPC INPUT : gain vs. time SWPC OUTPUT : gain vs. time RD51 miniweek 16/06/2014 J. A. Merlin On behalf of the CMS GEM collaboration

  14. Aging study of large triple-GEM detectors for the high rate environment in CMS SWPC at GEM INPUT : SEM analysis INPUT WIRE (SWPC1) HV Fe55 GAS  GAS  RD51 miniweek 16/06/2014 J. A. Merlin On behalf of the CMS GEM collaboration

  15. Aging study of large triple-GEM detectors for the high rate environment in CMS SWPC at GEM OUTPUT : SEM analysis OUTPUT WIRE (SWPC2) HV Fe55  GAS  GAS RD51 miniweek 16/06/2014 J. A. Merlin On behalf of the CMS GEM collaboration

  16. Aging study of large triple-GEM detectors for the high rate environment in CMS • Monitoring gas purity in GE11 gas tubing: • Significant gain drop observed in reference SWPCs (input and output of GE11) • Presence of C, O, F, S, Caand K on the aged wires • Investigations : • -> No aging during the gas line check • -> Faster aging on output SWPC • -> gas flow rate < 1 L/h • Outgassing from GE11 ? •  need outgassing studies to identify the source of pollution SWPC INPUT : gain vs. time Fast gain drop with the SWPCs but NO aging was observed with the GEM SWPC OUTPUT : gain vs. time RD51 miniweek 16/06/2014 J. A. Merlin On behalf of the CMS GEM collaboration

  17. Aging study of large triple-GEM detectors for the high rate environment in CMS • Programmable Logic Controller (PLC) : • Ambient temp/pres • Gas temp/pres • Procedure : • -> Reference measurements with 10x10 GEM chamber • - Purity check with SWPC • Insertion of the sample • 2 weeks at room T° • 2 weeks at 50°C • -> repeat measurement with GEM detector • Δmin 2 months/sample • + 2-3 weeks possible cleaning • Outgassing box (O.B) : • Volume 1.5 L • Std gas mixture • Adjustable flow • Heating tape (50°C) • O.B detectors : • 10x10 GEM • SWPC • Heating tape (150°) • Readout electronics : • Trigger signal (NIM) • ADC (VME) • Optical bridge • Gas Chromatograph (GC): • MolSieve (noble gas) • PPlotU (hydrocarbons) • OV-1 (heavy hydrocarbons) RD51 miniweek 16/06/2014 J. A. Merlin On behalf of the CMS GEM collaboration

  18. Aging study of large triple-GEM detectors for the high rate environment in CMS GE1/1-generation IV 18 RD51 miniweek 16/06/2014 J. A. Merlin On behalf of the CMS GEM collaboration

  19. Aging study of large triple-GEM detectors for the high rate environment in CMS CMS GEM Long term stability Purity check VITON O-ring • As first step -> all tubing is validated with SWPC (extremely sensitive to pollution) • 2 weeks at room T° • 2 weeks at 50°C SWPC Gain : 104 Ar/CO2/CF4 (45:15:40) 55Fe 3.5 MBq Room T°  Room T°   50°C  50°C SWPC SWPC Gain : 104 Ar/CO2/CF4 (45:15:40) 55Fe 3.5 MBq SWPC Gain : 104 Ar/CO2/CF4 (45:15:40) 55Fe 3.5 MBq Polyurethane CellPack Polyurethane NUVOVERNE No baseline corrections Room T°   50°C SWPC SWPC RD51 miniweek 16/06/2014 J. A. Merlin On behalf of the CMS GEM collaboration

  20. Aging study of large triple-GEM detectors for the high rate environment in CMS CMS GEM Long term stability Outgassing studies no correction PLC maintenance SEM (CellPack) VITON O-ring • SWPC • No effect with VITON O-ring • No significant effect with NUVOVERN • (extension of the test) • Strong gain drop with CellPack 50°C PLC maintenance Room T°  Room T°   50°C  50°C SWPC Source OFF SWPC Gas bottle empty Polyurethane CellPack Polyurethane NUVOVERNE HV OFF Recovering period SWPC SWPC RD51 miniweek 16/06/2014 J. A. Merlin On behalf of the CMS GEM collaboration

  21. Aging study of large triple-GEM detectors for the high rate environment in CMS CMS GEM Long term stability Outgassing studies SEM (CellPack) VITON O-ring • GEM 10x10 • No effects on gain for all samples • (event if outgassing material) •  Does the polymers affect other properties of the GEM foils ? GEM Room T°  Room T°   50°C  50°C Polyurethane CellPack power cut Polyurethane NUVOVERNE 50°C Recovering period PLC maintenance GEM GEM GEM Source OFF Gas bottle empty RD51 miniweek 16/06/2014 J. A. Merlin On behalf of the CMS GEM collaboration

  22. Aging study of large triple-GEM detectors for the high rate environment in CMS New outgassing procedure to identify possible aging effects (not only on the gas gain) on the GEM foils 10x10 GEM detector Ar/CO2 : 70/30 -> GEM foil testing -> Gain calibration -> Charging up -> Discharge probability -> Rate capability  Obtain reference values before the outgassing tests Thanks to Alejandro Puig-Baranac RD51 miniweek 16/06/2014 J. A. Merlin On behalf of the CMS GEM collaboration

  23. Aging study of large triple-GEM detectors for the high rate environment in CMS GEM foil : leakage current measurement -> Good stability for each foil -> No discharges at 600 V -> GEM1 current : < 0.5 nA -> GEM2 current : < 0.5 nA -> GEM3 current : < 0.5 nA Count Rate (Hz) Effective Gain Assembled detector : Gain calibration Voltage Leakage current (nA) Frequency < 0.5 nA ADC channel Divider current (uA) Time (s) RD51 miniweek 16/06/2014 J. A. Merlin On behalf of the CMS GEM collaboration

  24. Aging study of large triple-GEM detectors for the high rate environment in CMS GEM detector : leakage current measurement 2) Irradiation only in Position 2 Norm. gain 3) 1 4 irradiation over 25 cm2 / ADC time 25 s Rate of particles: (Fe55) 1,9 kHz 1,4 kHz 1,5 kHz 1,6 kHz  Humidity between 480 and 500 ppm CERN foils Holes: 70μm (Cu) 50μm (Kapton) Pitch: 140μm double-mask Ar/CO2:70/30 Gaps:3/1/2/1 (Ceramic Divider) +300kΩ HV filter RD51 miniweek 16/06/2014 J. A. Merlin On behalf of the CMS GEM collaboration

  25. Aging study of large triple-GEM detectors for the high rate environment in CMS GEM detector : Discharge probability & rate capability Normalized Gain Effective gain • 10x10 triple-GEM (CERN) • 3/1/2/1 (Ceramic) • Ar/CO2 : 70/30 • Gain : 8000 (654uA/3300V) • Copper Xray 16kV • 2mm Colimator GEM Irradiation Corner(d= 0.35 cm) GEM Opposite Corner (d= 0.51 cm) Triple-GEM (10x10 cm2) CERN foils Holes: 70μm (Cu) 50μm (Kapton) Pitch: 140μm double-mask Source 241Am(2-3 MBq) Ar/CO2:70/30 Gaps:3/1/2/1 (Ceramic Divider) +300kΩ HV filter Discharge probability Gamma Flux (Hz/mm2) @Gain=6.105 (3700V/740uA) : ΔVGEM1= 416V ΔVGEM2= 407V ΔVGEM2= 389V RD51 miniweek 16/06/2014 J. A. Merlin On behalf of the CMS GEM collaboration

  26. Aging study of large triple-GEM detectors for the high rate environment in CMS Conclusion and plan • An extensive test on aging of CMS GEM detectors is ongoing : • The aging preparatory work has been done with GE1/1 proto-III • All the gas tubing have been validated with SWPCs • The aging test started with GE1/1 proto-IV (resistant up to 9mC/cm2) • New setup at GIF++ in September (also with SPS beam) • Outgassing studies started in parallel to validate GE1/1 materials : • Gas tubing systematically validated with SWPC before each test • No effects observed with VITON O-ring • Strong outgassing with Polyurethane CELLPACK • -> new procedure with reference measurements and calibration • - No significant effects with Polyurethane NUVOVERNE (test extended) • -> The performances of the GEM after the irradiation will be compared to the initial ones (test beam and calibration in lab) • -> All the components will be tested to ensure the long term operation and provide a set of recommendations for the production/assembly/operation of the CMS GEM detectors • -> Radiation hardness tests are planned with neutron source (see Alejandro’s talk) RD51 miniweek 16/06/2014 J. A. Merlin On behalf of the CMS GEM collaboration

  27. Aging study of large triple-GEM detectors for the high rate environment in CMS Thank you RD51 miniweek 16/06/2014 J. A. Merlin On behalf of the CMS GEM collaboration

  28. Aging study of large triple-GEM detectors for the high rate environment in CMS Reference measurement #3 : Charging Up 22/04/2014 Energy spectra 15/04/2014 Energy spectra Irradiation only in Position 2 15/04/2014 Readout Current 22/04/2014 Readout Current IEEE-NSS 29/10/2013 J. A. Merlin On behalf of the CMS GEM collaboration

  29. CPU – I/V monitoring Aging study of large triple-GEM detectors for the high rate environment in CMS HV 241Am Mylar 2μm Reference measurement #4 : Discharge Probability 10M Alpha rate = 150Hz • How to identify discharges ? • -> Divider current/voltage drops • -> Readout current • -> Signal polarity DIVIDER 3/1/2/1 10M Drift 10M G1 Scaler Readout 10M G2 Inverter + Discriminator Readout x y G3 GEM bot TP CPU A CPU RD51 miniweek 16/06/2014 J. A. Merlin On behalf of the CMS GEM collaboration

  30. Aging study of large triple-GEM detectors for the high rate environment in CMS Reference measurement #4 : Discharge Probability 2mm hole in the Kapton window + 2um Mylar foil 2mm hole in the Drift RD51 miniweek 16/06/2014 J. A. Merlin On behalf of the CMS GEM collaboration

  31. Aging study of large triple-GEM detectors for the high rate environment in CMS Reference measurement #4 : Discharge Probability Voltage (V) Current (uA) Ramp Up HV End of test Source ON Discharges Baseline Time (s) Discharge Discharge Discharge Power supply I/V measurements Readout current (pico-ammeter)  HV power supply and pico-ammeter not fast/sensitive enough to detect all discharges IEEE-NSS 29/10/2013 J. A. Merlin On behalf of the CMS GEM collaboration

  32. Aging study of large triple-GEM detectors for the high rate environment in CMS Reference measurement #5 : Rate capability • Configuration : • -> GEM detector in front of the Xray Gun (d=few mm) • Monitoring : • GEM Readout current • Count rate & spectra • Xray voltage & current Gamma Flux (Hz/mm2) Reliable measurements @ rate < 30 kHz Xray current (mA) IEEE-NSS 29/10/2013 J. A. Merlin On behalf of the CMS GEM collaboration

  33. Aging study of large triple-GEM detectors for the high rate environment in CMS GEM detector : Discharge probability & rate capability P. Everaerts, PhD Thesis 2006 (Gent University) F. Sauli, NIM A 479 (2002) 294-308 RD51 miniweek 16/06/2014 J. A. Merlin On behalf of the CMS GEM collaboration

  34. Aging study of large triple-GEM detectors for the high rate environment in CMS TOTEM configuration • Triple GEM Ar/CO2 (70/30) , Position 5.3 ≤ |h| ≤ 6.5 • Rate up to 12 MHz/cm2( 1000 X CMS GE1/1 @ phase II) -> No aging due to polymerization -> No change of materials properties Nuc. Sci. Sym. and Med. Imag. Conf. (NSS/MIC), 2011 IEEE, 1124 – 1131 G. Croci, “Dev. and Characterization of MPGDs for HEP applications and beyond” PHD Thesis COMPASS configuration • Triple GEM @ gain : 8.103 in Ar/CO2 (70/30) • Rate up to 2.5 MHz/cm2 ( 1000 X CMS GE1/1 @ HL-LHC) -> No Gain drop or loss of energy resolution was observed -> No Losses of efficiency or time resolution until now B. Ketzer et al., NIM A535, 314 (2004) , P. Abbon, et al., NIM A 577 (2007) 455-518 CERN-EP/2001 -091 & IEEE TR. On Nucl. Sci. Vol47,NO.4,AUGUST 2000 LHCb configuration • Triple GEM @ gain : 6.103 in Ar/CO2/CF4 (45/15/40) • Rate up to 500 kHz/cm2 ( 100 X CMS GE1/1 @ HL-LHC) -> No losses of performances was observed after 10 LHCb years IEEE P. de Simone, AUGUST 2004 & S.Bachmann et al., NIM A 438(1999),376-408 RD51 miniweek 16/06/2014 J. A. Merlin On behalf of the CMS GEM collaboration 34

  35. GE1/1 Performances Effective Gain Rate (kHz) GAIN Operating Region PRELIMINARY Relative Gain Xray : 19.5 kV / 5mA Th : -70 mV TEMP : 20,8 °C PRESS : 969,5 hPa HUMY : 41 % Ar/CO2 : 70/30 Position Y (mm) Position X (mm) Current (uA) Energy Spectrum (FE55) Stability (charging up) FE55 : 5.9 kV TEMP : 21,4 °C PRESS : 970,1 hPa HUMY : 39 % GAIN 104 Ar/CO2 : 70/30

  36. GE1/1 Performances Rate Capability • Triple-GEM : • Ar/CO2/CF4 (45-15-40) • G = 2 104 • Xrays 5.9 keV GE1/1 Residuals σx < 116μm

  37. Gas analysis GIF O.B REF GC CPU

  38. Gas analysis RT(s) Comp. (%) CF4 24.731 ± 0.003 40.211 ± 0.005 Ar 27.224 ± 0.003 44.819 ± 0.003 CO2 46.451 ± 0.002 15.097 ± 0.015 Antonio Valerio Franchi (Uniroma1 - La Sapienza (Roma))

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