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Progressives. Chapter 13. What is Progressivism?. Progressivism is a political attitude favoring or advocating changes or reform through governmental action. Progressivism is often viewed in opposition to conservative or reactionary ideologies.
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Progressives Chapter 13
What is Progressivism? • Progressivism is a political attitude favoring or advocating changes or reform through governmental action. Progressivism is often viewed in opposition to conservative or reactionary ideologies. • The Progressive Movement began in cities with settlement workers and reformers who were interested in helping those facing harsh conditions at home and at work. The reformers spoke out about the need for laws regulating tenement housing and child labor. They also called for better working conditions for women
Was it a single organized movement? What caused the problems? • Progressivism was made up of a lot of different groups. They were not organized into a single idea, but they shared beliefs. • To the Progressives, all of societies problems were caused by industrialization.
What were the Muckrakers? • The Muckrakers were a group of journalists that crusaded for changes in American society. • They were named Muckrakers by Teddy Roosevelt.
The History of Standard Oil • Ida wrote the history of standard oil. This book exposed John D. Rockefeller as a thief and crook. • She faced his lawyers in a lawsuit and won.
The Jungle • Upton Sinclair wrote an expose of the meat packing industry that horrified the American public. • This book led directly to the regulation of the food industry. • It also led to the creation of the Pure Food and Drug Act, which required inspection of all foods and drugs sold to the public.
How the Other Half Lives • Jacob Riis was a photographer that showed the American public how the desperately poor lived in America.
What is the Commission Plan? • The commission plan of government was used to replace mayor run cities. • A commission is a group of people that ran the city rather than one individual. • This led to less corruption.
What is the council manager system? • Council manager systems of government use a hired, professional city planner to run the city. • This lessens the corruption of elections and leads to professionals running the government. • The first city to use it was Galveston, Texas.
What is a Direct Primary? • A direct primary is used so that the people have more influence on choosing candidates. • Each party, democrats or republicans, hold an election within their party to select their candidates. • This lessened the power of the party bosses and helped the people regain power over their candidates.
What is Initiative? • initiative means a petition signed by a certain minimum number of registered voters can force a public vote on a law or issue. • It is a form of direct democracy.
What is Recall? • A recall election is a way for voters to remove an elected official from office through a direct vote
What is a referendum? • A referendum (also known as a plebiscite or a ballot question) is a direct vote in which an entire population is asked to either accept or reject a particular law.
Women’s Suffrage • The suffrage movement was a political movement to win the right to vote for women. • Elizabeth Cady Stanton and Lucretia Mott formed the women’s rights movement in 1848
19th Amendment • The 19th Amendment, which gave women the right to vote was passed in the summer of 1920
Socialism • Socialism is an economic and political theory that supports public or government ownership of the means of production and allocation of resources. • This is an economy run by the government
Triangle Shirtwaist Fire • The Triangle Shirtwaist Factory fire in New York City on March 25, 1911, was one of the largest industrial disasters in history, causing the death of 146 garment workers, most of them women, who either died from the fire or jumped from the fatal height. Most women could not escape the burning building because the managers would lock the doors to the stairwells and exits to keep the workers from leaving early. Women jumped from the ninth and tenth stories as the ladders on the fire trucks could not reach these floors. The fire led to legislation requiring improved factory safety standards and helped spur the growth of the International Ladies' Garment Workers' Union, which fought for better and safer working conditions for sweatshop workers in that industry.
Eugene Debs • Eugene Debs was one of the founding members the Industrial Workers of the World (IWW), and was the candidate of the Socialist Party of America for President of the United States. Debs eventually became one of the best-known socialists living in the United States. • He ran as the Socialist Party's candidate for the presidency in 1900, 1904, 1908, 1912, and 1920, the last time from his prison cell. • Noted for his oratory, it was a speech denouncing American participation in World War I that led to his arrest and 10year prison sentence
The Square Deal • The Square Deal was President Theodore Roosevelt's domestic program formed upon three basic ideas: conservation of natural resources, control of corporations, and consumer protection. • Thus, it aimed at helping middle class citizens and involved attacking the upper classes and bad trusts while at the same time protecting business from the extreme demands of organized labor.
Teddy and the Trusts • Teddy Roosevelt as president did not oppose all trusts. • He believed there were “good” trusts and “bad” trusts. The good ones were well run and the bad ones were inefficient. • He wanted to break up the bad trusts and leave the good ones alone.
Upton Sinclair and “The Jungle” • The Jungle was written in 1906 by Upton Sinclair. • Sinclair wrote the book to highlight the plight of the working class and to show the corruption of the American meatpacking industry during the early-20th century. • Sinclair was one of the most famous of the “Muckrakers”.
Pure Food and Drug Act • The Pure Food and Drug Act provided federal inspection of meat products and forbade the manufacture, sale, or transportation of adulterated food products and poisonous patent medicines. • The Act arose due to public education and exposés from Muckrakers such as Upton Sinclair, Samuel Hopkins Adams, and President Theodore Roosevelt.
Bull Moose or Progressive Party • The Progressive Party of 1912 was a political party. • It was formed after a split in the Republican Party between President William Howard Taft and former President Theodore Roosevelt. • The party also became known as the Bull Moose Party when former President Roosevelt boasted "I'm fit as a bull moose," after being shot in an assassination attempt
How did Wilson get elected in 1912? • Woodrow Wilson was the Democratic presidential candidate in 1912. • The Republicans nominated the president, William Taft. • Teddy Roosevelt was mad at Taft and decided to run against him for the Republican nomination. The Republican rejected Teddy and nominated Taft. • Teddy formed his own party, the Progressive Party to run for the presidency. This split the Republican vote and resulted in the election of Woodrow Wilson.
What Ended Progressivism? • World War I ended Progressivism.
