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Reminders:

Reminders: . Monday: 1-6, A&W day Tuesday: 1-3 -5 Wednesday: 2 -4-6 Thursday: 1-3 -5 Friday:2-4-6- go to regular class room Highlighted in red - my classes go to CCA; will have sign on the door to remind you. Warm Up: Monday October 22 nd. What is your definition of “chivalry”?

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Reminders:

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  1. Reminders: • Monday: 1-6, A&W day • Tuesday: 1-3-5 • Wednesday: 2-4-6 • Thursday: 1-3-5 • Friday:2-4-6- go to regular class room • Highlighted in red- my classes go to CCA; will have sign on the door to remind you

  2. Warm Up: Monday October 22nd • What is your definition of “chivalry”? • How do you show someone that you like/love them? • What are two of your favorite love songs?

  3. The code of chivalry for knights glorified both combat and romantic love. 13.3 The Age of Chivalry

  4. Learning Goals • Understand why the code of chivalry for knights glorified combat and romantic love • Why it matters now: Chivalry has shaped modern ideas of Romance in Western Cultures

  5. Knights: Warriors on Horseback • The Technology of Warfare Changes • Leather saddle and stirrups enable knights to handle heavy weapons • Kept human mounted on horse • Allowed them to use stirdier weapons • In 700s, mounted knights become most important part of an army

  6. Armour Plate Armour Chainmail Gambeson, a padded jacket worn alone or in combination with chainmail

  7. The Warrior’s Role in Feudal Society • By 1000s, western Europe is a battleground of warring nobles • Feudal lords raise private armies of knights • Knights rewarded with land; provides income for needed weapons • Knights other activities help train them for combat Ightham Mote, a 14th-century moated manor house in Kent, England

  8. Knights Obligations • Serve in battle • Lord demanded 40 days of mounted combat/ year • Knights pastimes revolved around training for war • Wrestling and hunting helped them prepare for battle

  9. Knighthood and theCode of Chivalry • The Code of Chivalry • By 1100s knights obey a code of chivalry—a set of ideals on how to act • Protect three things: • They are to protect weak and poor; serve feudal lord, God, chosen lady Ideal Knight: Loyal, brave, courteous Most never lived up to these standards; treated lower classes brutally

  10. “The Accolade”(right, 1901) and “Godspeed” (1900, below) by Edmund Blair Leighton

  11. Knight’s Training • Boys begin to train for knighthood at age 7; usually knighted at 21 • Knights gain experience in local wars and tournaments—mock battles • Charging of each other- fierce and bloddy • People watched them like gladiator games

  12. Brutal Reality of Warfare • Brutal Reality of Warfare • Castles are huge fortresses where lords live • Attacking armies use wide range of strategies and weapons • Gory sight of siege: • Defenders of castle poured hot boiling water, oil or molten lead on enemy soldiers • Expert archers • Fired deadly bolts that could pierce armor

  13. Windsor Castle

  14. Caerlaverock Castle in Scotland is surrounded by a moat.

  15. Leeds Castle, England

  16. Siege Warfare

  17. Counterweight trebuchet at Château des Baux, France

  18. Medieval mangonel, a type of catapult

  19. Replica battering ram at Château des Baux, France

  20. Medieval moveable siege tower

  21. The Literature of Chivalry • Themes: downplayed brutality of knighthood and warfare, idealized castle life, glorified knighthood and chivalry • Epic Poetry • Epic poems recount a hero’s deeds and adventures • Song of Roland- famous

  22. Love Poems and Songs • Knights’ duties to ladies are as important as those to their lords • Troubadours—traveling poet-musicians—write and sing short verses • Wrote love songs • Disappointments • Lovesick knights

  23. Example: • “Love of a far-off land/for you my heart is aching/And I can find no relief” • False image of knights • Artificial view of women • Modern day love songs?

  24. Women’s Role in Feudal Society • Status of Women • According to the Church and feudal society, women were inferior to men • Roles limited to home and convent • Endless labor, bearing children, taking care of families • Women’s role declined in feudalism

  25. Women in Power • Noblewomen • Can inherit land, defend castle, send knights to war on lord’s request • Played key role in defending castles: hurled rocks, fired arrows • Usually confined to activities of the home or convent • Passed down land to sons, not daughters

  26. Convents provided women in the middle ages an alternative to married life. Childbirth was often deadly for women, so becoming a nun was a respectable and perhaps attractive alternative.

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