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Essentials of Human Anatomy The Skeletal System 2

Essentials of Human Anatomy The Skeletal System 2. Joints. It is the site where two or more bones come together, where there is movement or not. Function. Holds bones together Allows bones to move All bones articulate except the hyoid. Classification of Joints. Fibrous Joints

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Essentials of Human Anatomy The Skeletal System 2

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  1. Essentials of Human AnatomyThe Skeletal System 2

  2. Joints • It is the site where two or more bones come together, where there is movement or not.

  3. Function • Holds bones together • Allows bones to move • All bones articulate except the hyoid

  4. Classification of Joints • Fibrous Joints Dense connective tissues connect bones between bones in close contact • Cartilaginous Joints Hyaline cartilage or fibrocartilage connect bones • Synovial Joints Most complex allow free movement • Synarthrotic immovable • Amphiarthrotic slightly movable • Diarthrotic freely movable

  5. FIBROUS JOINTS • The articulating surfaces are joined by fibrous tissue. • Very little movement is possible. • E.G : • Sutures of the vault of the skull. • Inferior tibiofibular joints. • Tooth in jawbone

  6. CARTILAGENOUS JOINTS A. Primary Cartilagenous • The bones are united by a plate of hyaline cartilage. • E.G : • Between the Epiphysis and Diaphysis of a growing bone. • Between the first rib and the sternum.

  7. CARTILAGENOUS JOINTS B. SecondaryCartilagenous • The bones are united by a plate of fibrocartilage. • Their articulating surfaces are covered by a thin plate of hyaline cartilage. • E.G : • joints between the vertebral bodies. • Symphysis pubis.

  8. SYNOVIAL JOINT • It has a great degree of freedom of movement. • The articulating bones are covered by hyaline cartilage and separated by a joint cavity. • The cavity is lined by synovial membrane. • It is protected on the outside by a tough fibrous capsule. • The synovial membrane produces a lubricating fluid (synovial fluid)

  9. General Anatomy of Synovial Joints • Basic features: • articular capsule • joint cavity • synovial fluid • articular cartilage • ligaments • nerves • blood vessels

  10. Types of Synovial Joints • From least movable to most freely movable, the six specific types of synovial jointsare: • planar (gliding) joints • hinge joints • pivot joints • condyloid (ellipsoid) joints • saddle joints • ball-and-socket joints

  11. Types of Synovial Joints • Ball-and-Socket Joint • hip • shoulder • Condyloid Joint • between metacarpals and phalanges

  12. Types of Synovial Joints • Hinge Joint • elbow • between phalanges • Gliding Joint • between carpals • between tarsals

  13. Types of Synovial Joints • Pivot Joint • between proximal ends of radius and ulna • Saddle Joint • between carpal and metacarpal of thumb

  14. Mobility and Stability in Joints • Motion permitted ranges from none to various extensive motions. • Structure determines both its mobility and its stability. • more mobile = less stable

  15. Types of Joint Movements • Abduction /Adduction • Dorsiflexion / Plantarflexion • Flexion / Extension / Hyperextension

  16. Types of Joint Movements • Rotation / Circumduction • Supination / Pronation

  17. Types of Joint Movements • Eversion / Inversion • Protraction / Retraction • Elevation / Depression

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