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Unit 5: Sensation, Perception and States of Consciousness

Unit 5: Sensation, Perception and States of Consciousness. Essential Task 5-11 : Discuss drug dependence, addiction, tolerance, and withdrawal. Perceptual Constancies. Gestalt Principles. Basic Principles. Visual Illusions. Depth Perception. Perception. Vision. Hearing. Sensation.

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Unit 5: Sensation, Perception and States of Consciousness

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  1. WHS AP Psychology Unit 5: Sensation, Perception and States of Consciousness Essential Task 5-11: Discuss drug dependence, addiction, tolerance, and withdrawal.

  2. Perceptual Constancies Gestalt Principles Basic Principles Visual Illusions Depth Perception Perception Vision Hearing Sensation Theories The Eye Theories Other Senses The Ear Smell Pain Taste

  3. Circadian Rhythm Stages/REM Disorders Hidden Observer Actor Sleep Hypnosis Dreams Meditation We are here Waking Consciousness Daydreaming and Fantasy Altered States of Consciousness Drug-Altered Consciousness Substance Abuse Stimulants Depressants Hallucinogens

  4. Essential Task 5-11: Outline • Dependence • Addiction • Tolerance • Withdrawal

  5. Substance Use and Abuse • Substance Use • Using a substance but it does not yet interfere with a person’s life • Substance Abuse • Pattern of drug use that diminishes one’s ability to fulfill responsibilities • May result in repeated use in dangerous situations • May lead to legal difficulties related to drug use

  6. Substance Use and Abuse • Dependence • Compulsive use of a substance • Also known as addiction • Can be physical, psychological or both • Withdrawal • After addiction, physical discomfort when the substance is stopped • Tolerance • More substance is required to obtain the original effect

  7. Developing a tolerance Experiencing withdrawal Using substance for a longer period or in greater quantities than intended Presence of a desire or repeated attempts to cut back on use Spending a lot of time using/obtaining the substance Reduction or cessation of usual activities Continued use despite awareness of drug’s harmful effects Dependence(4 of the following 7 symptoms)

  8. Dependence • Psychological addiction is a psychological need to use a drug, particularly for relieving mental stress and negative emotions. • Physical addiction is the need for a drug to alleviate physical pain. When the drug is discontinued, there are several withdrawal symptoms.

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