g uide to Lakoff

1. guide to Lakoff Ben Franks’ www.pie-magazine.net

2. guide to Lakoff She later gained international acclaim by publishing her findings which defined “10 ways” women differ in speech from men in a book entitled, Language & Woman's Place Professor Robin Lakoff, born 1942, is known for her 1973 research on gender sociolinguistics. www.pie-magazine.net

3. Found that there were ten notable ways where the speech of a woman differs from that of a man. Lakoff: Findings 1973 www.pie-magazine.net

4. 1. Hedges – Phrases such as “sort of”, “kind of”, “seems like”. Lakoff: Findings 1973 www.pie-magazine.net

5. 2. Use of Empty Adjectives – divine, adorable, gorgeous, etc. Lakoff: Findings 1973 www.pie-magazine.net

6. 3. (Super-)Polite forms – “Would you mind?”, “if its not too much to ask”, “is it okay if” Lakoff: Findings 1973 www.pie-magazine.net

7. 4. Apologise more– Women have a tendency to apologise more often, i.e. “Sorry, but I think that” Lakoff: Findings 1973 www.pie-magazine.net

8. 5. Speak Less Frequently– In mixed-sex conversation, females will likely speak less than males. Lakoff: Findings 1973 www.pie-magazine.net

9. 6. Avoid Coarse Language or expletives – Women less likely to swear or use “rude” language. Lakoff: Findings 1973 www.pie-magazine.co.uk

10. 7. Tag Questions – "You don't mind eating this, do you?” It is made up of an AUXILIARY verb and a PRONOUN. Lakoff: Findings 1973 www.pie-magazine.co.uk

11. 8. Indirect Requests– “Aww, I am really thirsty” – actually a request for a drink. Lakoff: Findings 1973 www.pie-magazine.net

12. 9. Hypercorrection– Women were found to hypercorrect (overly-correct) their grammar and use a high prestige of pronunciation, with very clear articulation. Lakoff: Findings 1973 www.pie-magazine.net

13. 10. “Speak in Italics”– Women placed emphasis on certain words, particularly modifiers, such as very, quite and so. Lakoff: Findings 1973 www.pie-magazine.net

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