Pest Risk Analysis Tool Instruction Manual

1. A self teaching and reference tool CABI Pest Risk Analysis Tool Instruction Manual Created in support of the Pest Risk Analysis Tool outreach activities February 2019

2. The aims of this manual are to: • Introduce the Pest Risk Analysis Tool • Provide information on the data sources used by the tool • Provide an overview of the Crop Protection Compendium (CPC) • Provide an a visual step-by-step description of the features in the tool • Allow users to self test • Provide an overview and link to training video of the CABI Horizon scanning tool (open access)

3. About the tool The Pest Risk Analysis tool is a decision support tool that presents scientific information from the CABI Crop Protection Compendium (CPC) to aid the selection of appropriate measures for reducing risk and facilitating the movement of plants and plant products associated with a commodity pathway. Features include: • A framework in which risks associated with the importation of plant commodities and the introduction of pests into new areas can be identified and assessed • Generation and categorization of pest lists associated with a commodity pathway • Facilities for users to add new information and overrule existing Compendium data • Links to relevant Crop Protection Compendium datasheets • A template to complete risk assessments for each pest associated with a commodity pathway • A template to assign management measures to each pest identified as a risk • An editable report of all stages of a PRA

4. About the tool cont. The tool is structured around the three stages of Pest Risk Analysis as set out in the International Standards on Phytosanitary Measures (ISPM 2 and 11) • Stage 1: Initiation - identifying the reason for the PRA and the pest(s) of concern to the PRA area; • Stage 2: Risk assessment - determining the likelihood of entry, establishment, spread and potential consequences of an individual pest in order to determine whether it meets the criteria of a regulated pest; • Stage 3: Risk management - selecting the appropriate management options to reduce the risks identified in Stage 2. For further guidance on the PRA process please refer to the International Standards on Phytosanitary Measures developed by IPPC, in particular ISPM 2 and ISPM 11 at https://www.ippc.int/en/core-activities/standards-setting/ispms/

5. Access to the PRA tool via the Crop Protection Compendium (CPC) • Access to the PRA tool is restricted to users that have a CPC subscription • The CPC is a subscription (fee paying) CABI product • To access the PRA tool users will need to be logged into the CPC • To gain access to the CPC users will need to be set up by the CABI sales team • Contact CABI sales: sales@cabi.org • Ways of logging into the CPC are: • Personal credentials provided by the CABI sales team or IP recognition • Automatic login via IP authentication for an institution (set up be CABI sales team)

6. The Crop Protection Compendium The Crop Protection Compendium (CPC) is an encyclopaedic resource that brings together a wide range of different types of science-based information on all aspects of crop protection. The CPC is comprised of: • Detailed datasheets sourced from subject are experts on: • Pests • Diseases • Weeds • Host crops • Natural enemies • Countries (contain country specific lists of pests) • A bibliographic database • Full text articles • A Horizon Scanning tool

7. PRA tool login 1. Username and password provided by CABI sales team 2. Username is email address and password is set up by users (10 characters minimum)

8. Sign in to the PRA tool - MyCABI Create a MyCABI account (on first access to the tool) Sign in to an existing MyCABI account Username is email address and password is set up by users (10 characters min.)

9. PRA tool Headers A list of other relevant CABI sites Links to the CPC home page Access to the full help document Background information on the tool Sign in/out of the tool here View your home page

10. Home PRA Tool Workflow Create new PRA Return to existing PRA Stage 1: Initiation • Include/ exclude pests from categorised lists • Add regulatory status • View pest datasheet in the CPC Pest lists Categorised pest lists based on CPC distribution data Select pest Review pest lists Stage 2: Risk assessment No Does the pest require phytosanitary measures? Select next pest View CPC datasheet Yes Export report Stage 3: Pest Risk Management View PRA summary

11. Home page View your five most recently created and/or edited PRAs Edit your MyCABIpersonal details. View all PRAs created • View the status of reports • In progress – this indicates that the pest lists have been generated and some of the risk assessment / risk management stages may have been started. • Complete – this PRA has been marked as complete (see date of completion in the adjacent cell). Start a new plant commodity PRA Go to initiation page of existing PRA Delete a PRA session Note: this will permanently delete the selected session. Download an existing PRA report

12. Calendar picklists PRA area The PRA area should be defined as precisely as possible in order to identify the area for the information is needed (ISPM 11 page10) • Define scope of PRA • This can include information on: • Reason why the PRA is required • Details of the pathway • Mode of transport Start typing and select from picklists. The countries and crops selected will be used to generate the pest lists from CPC data. [Other options to select from] Generate pest list For the next stage of the PRA process the tool generates a list of pests that represent potential risks using CPC distribution data. The list is available as a CSV download and has been categorised by the tool into two further lists: Pest potentially requiring phytosanitary measures These are species that are known pests of the crop(s) selected and that are recorded as present in the selected exporting country but are not recorded as present in the selected importing country. Pests excluded from the assessments These are species that are known pests of the crop(s) selected and that are recorded as present in the selected exporting and importing countries

13. Navigation in the PRA tool The tool is designed around three tabs that you can navigate to at any point in the PRA process: Navigate using the breadcrumb trail • View pests with completed risk assessments • Edit pest risk assessments • Go to and complete individual pest risk management • View and navigate between categorised pests lists • Include/ exclude pests from the assessment • Add a regulatory status to a pest • Link out to pest datasheets in the CPC • Go to and complete individual pest risk assessment • View summary of management measures selected for the consignment • Add a PRA summary • Add information on next steps

14. Tab 1: Pest lists and risk assessments This tab presents two lists, ordered alphabetically based on the pathway details entered at the initiation stage. The pests are categorized into two lists based on Compendium data: • A full pest list • Pests potentially requiring phytosanitary measures • Pest excluded from the assessment Full pest list (available as a CSV download). Pests of the crop(s) selected that are present in the exporting country and present or absent in the importing country Pests potentially requiring phytosanitary measures Species that are recorded as pests of the crop, are present in the exporting country, but are not recorded or are recorded as present in the importing country in the CPC datasheet. Pests excluded from the assessment Species that are recorded as pests of the crop, are present in the exporting and importing country in the CPC datasheet.

15. Tab 1: Pests potentially requiring phytosanitary measuresInformation provided Number of pests included in the list Filter or sort the columns Sort default is descending alphabetically by pest name Regulatory status is not pre-populated but can be added Preferred scientific name (international common name) as described in the CPC datasheet Yes = recorded as pest on at least one of the specified commodity types ? = CABI does not hold commodity type data for this species Number of countries in the CPC datasheet where the species has been recorded as present Recorded as pest of selected crop

16. Tab 1: Pests potentially requiring phytosanitary measuresUser actions Pest lists can be reviewed to determine which species should be included as pests potentially requiring phytosanitary measures and require risk assessments. The automated list generation relies on the CPC distribution data. Lists can be adapted using a set of users actions

17. Tab 1: Pests potentially requiring phytosanitary measuresUser actions – Exclude from the assessment Pests can be excluded from the list of pests potentially requiring phytosanitary measures On selecting save, the pest will be moved from the list of pests potentially requiring phytosanitary measures to the list of pests excluded from the assessment. The pest will be identifiable in the list of pests excluded from the assessment by in the modified by user column of the table.

18. Tab 1: Pests potentially requiring phytosanitary measuresUser actions – Add regulatory status A regulatory status can be added for each pest. The status selected will be added to the regulatory status column in the table.

19. Tab 1: Pests potentially requiring phytosanitary measuresUser actions – Add notes Notes added can be viewed by selecting the icon added to the notes column. Citations and reference should be added where possible.

20. Tab 1: Pests potentially requiring phytosanitary measuresUser actions – View datasheet View datasheet will link out to the CPC CPC datasheets contain detailed, expert content relevant to PRA on pest distribution, biology, distribution and impact. From the datasheet, other related species, crop and country datasheets can be viewed. See CPC training manual for more information.

21. Tab 1: Pests potentially requiring phytosanitary measuresUser actions – Generate datasheet Datasheets can be downloaded and used offline using the generate datasheet option

22. Other content in the Crop Compendium Protection Country datasheets and lists of pests – available as a CSV download

23. Tab 1: Pests potentially requiring phytosanitary measuresUser actions – Go to risk assessment • For each species in the list of pests potentially requiring phytosanitary measures a risk assessment should be completed. • The risk assessment section of the PRA tool is composed of a set of questions, developed in line with requirements set out in ISPM 11 (pp. 11-22). • They are classified under the following headings: • Probability of entry • Probability of establishment • Probability of spread • Potential consequences (economic, environmental and social) • Each question can be given a risk rating (High, Medium, Low, Negligible) and a confidence level (High, Medium, Low). • Under each heading, a summary comment, rating and confidence level should be assigned. • n.b. All information entered to the risk assessment will be saved and output in the report.

24. Risk assessment Four tabs classify the risk assessment questions. Navigate between the tabs to answer questions. Select the notes icon to answer the question. Most questions will have factors to consider suggested alongside them once you open the text box. Select a rating from the dropdown Select a confidence level from the drop down Other questions listed Select a summary rating for probability of entry from the dropdown Select a summary confidence level for probability of entry from the dropdown Add summary information for probability of entry The summary provides an overview of the summary ratings assigned to the pest and provides the option to continue to risk management for the pest. Save before moving to next tab

25. Risk assessment Questions have been developed in line with requirements set out in ISPM 11 IPPC (2017) ISPM 11 Pest Risk Analysis for quarantine pests, FAO, p.14 Text can be added here. Citations and references should be added where possible.

26. Risk assessment - Summary Summary rating and confidence level added for probability of entry Summary rating and confidence level added for probability of entry Return to the relevant risk assessment tab to edit content or ratings Summary rating and confidence level added for probability of entry Summary rating and confidence level added for probability of entry Link to the Pest Risk management section of the PRA tool Yes – the pest will be moved to the pests requiring management list with the option to assign risk management measures No – the pest will still be moved to the pests requiring management list but will be annotated with management ‘Not required’

27. Tab 2: Pest Risk Management Pests are moved to the Pest risk management tab once the risk assessment is completed and either Yes or No has been selected for the question “Does this pest require phytosanitary measures?” in the risk assessment summary Incomplete – risk management not started In progress – Risk management started but not finalised Complete – Risk management finalised Not required – No selected at risk assessment summary stage

28. Tab 2: Pest Risk Management The user actions in this table allow you to add management measures, review the risk assessment and link to the datasheet. • A risk management form can be completed for every pest in the Pests requiring phytosanitary measures list. Individual pest risk management forms can be saved and edited at any point. The risk management form contains a predefined set of phytosanitary measures that can be assigned to the pest. • The management measures are classified under the following headings: • At the place of production • After harvest and during transport • After entry • Other • n.b. All information entered to the risk management will be saved and output in the report.

29. Select a phytosanitary measure by clicking on the check box Pest Risk Management form Add text, include relevant citations and references where possible Other options listed Add any supplementary information, references here Links to the pest risk management table Yes – ‘Complete’ will be added the risk management column in the list of pests requiring phytosanitary measures No – ‘In progress’ will be added the risk management column in the list of pests requiring phytosanitary measures

30. Risk assessment - Summary The Pest risk analysis summary tab provides a summary of the management options selected for each pest for the PRA. Management options for each pest can be edited by returning to the Pest risk management tab.

31. Risk assessment – Summary cont. • Two text boxes are available: • PRA summary notes • Next steps The PRA can be finalized by clicking on the 'Change PRA status to complete' button below. The PRA will then show as 'complete' in your recent PRAs and previous PRAs on the homepage. You can still go back and edit the PRA at any time by clicking on the PRA title in the recent PRAs and previous PRAs tables.

32. Report output A report can be viewed in HTML or downloaded in a text file (Word compatible). The report can be viewed or downloaded at any stage of the PRA process. All information added to the tool will be included in the report. This includes notes, edits made to the pests lists. For all pests included in the assessment all text, ratings and confidence levels added at the risk assessment stage will be in the report. Similarly all information added to the pest risk management stage and in the Pest Risk Analysis summary will be in the report View report (completed sections only) – this will only export a report of sections, such as risk assessment for which data have been added. View full report (all completed section with template questions) – this will produce a report containing all sections that data have been added to and a blank template of the risk assessment questions and risk management options to allow for further work outside if the tool.

33. Risk assessment - Summary HTML report Download to text document. This will open in word or other word processors to be edited and saved.

34. Feedback To contact the PRA team. Send an email to: pra@cabi.org CLICK TO ADD TITLE

35. Self-test activities • Initiation • From the home page create a new PRA. • Add information in the compulsory fields [don’t forget to add ‘Test’ to your title] • Generate pest list CLICK TO ADD TITLE

36. Self-test activities • Pest lists • Download the full pest list – review the list • Review the pests potentially requiring phytosanitary measures. • Find a pest that can be excluded from the assessment. Exclude the pest. • Add a regulatory status to a pest. • Review the list of pests excluded from the assessment • Find a pest that can be included from the assessment. Include the pest • Sort and order the list by most globally widespread species CLICK TO ADD TITLE

37. Self-test activities • Risk assessment • Select a pest from the pest potentially requiring phytosanitary measures list. • Open the pests datasheet • Go to the pests risk assessment • Referring the pests datasheet, answer as many of the questions. • Add ratings and confidence levels to the questions answered • Add summary ratings and confidence levels to the risk assessment stages you have completed • Go to the risk assessment summary CLICK TO ADD TITLE

38. Self-test activities • Risk assessment summary • Decide whether the pests requires phytosanitary measures CLICK TO ADD TITLE

39. Self-test activities • Risk Management • Navigate to the list of pests requiring phytosanitary measures • Go to the risk management for a selected pest • Assign management measures to the pest and add any relevant supporting information and references. • Mark the risk management for that pest as complete if appropriate. CLICK TO ADD TITLE

40. Self-test activities • Pest Risk Analysis Summary • Navigate to Pest Risk Analysis summary • Add supporting information where appropriate • View the PRA summary • Export the PRA summary to a text document CLICK TO ADD TITLE

41. Targeted users: risk assessors, plant protection officers, quarantine officers, protected area managers and researchers • The tool provides: user-friendly means of accessing a large volume of relevant data for categorizing and prioritizing potential invasive species threats to a country, state or province. • Potential threats can be prioritized by: • habitats • pathways • plant hosts (for Crop Protection Compendium subscribers only) • plant parts in trade (for CPC subscribers only) • taxonomic group • Results output as a list with links to datasheets with further information in the Invasive Species Compendium and Crop Protection Compendium (CPC subscribers only). They can also be exported to CSV for analysis. • Training video: https://youtu.be/04IHE3GbFLY • Horizon Scanning Tool • Prioritizing invasive species threats