Design in the Cosmos Dr. Hugh Ross Reasons To Believe
Who Discovered the Big Bang? A. Penzias & R. Wilson?
Who Discovered the Big Bang? George Gamow?
Who Discovered the Big Bang? Albert Einstein?
Who Discovered the Big Bang? Al Gore?
Who Discovered the Big Bang? ___________?
Big Bang Foundations • singularity beginning • expanding universe • cooling cosmos
Cosmic Singularity Beginning • Genesis 1:1 Genesis 2:3 • Genesis 2:4 Psalm 148:5 • Isaiah 40:26 Isaiah 42:5 • Isaiah 45:18 John 1:3 • Col. 1:15-17 Hebrews 11:3 If God created the cosmos, who created God?
Stretching the Heavens • Job 9:8 Psalm 104:2 • Isaiah 40:22 Isaiah 42:5 • Isaiah 44:24 Isaiah 45:12 • Isaiah 48:13 Isaiah 51:13 • Jer. 10:12 Jer. 51:15 • Zech. 12:1
Cosmos Designed for Life • gravitational force constant • strong nuclear force constant • weak nuclear force constant • electromagnetic force constant • e-m. to grav. force ratio • number ratio of protons to electrons • ratio of electron to proton mass
Cosmos Design (cont.) • expansion rate of the universe • entropy level of the universe • mass density of the universe • baryon density of the universe • space energy density of cosmos • age of the universe • velocity of light
Cosmos Design (cont.) • initial uniformity of radiation • homogeneity of the universe • mean distance between galaxies • mean distance between stars • average size of galaxy clusters • spatial locations of galaxy clusters • fine structure constant
Cosmos Design (cont.) • 12C to 16O energy level ratio • decay rate of 8Be • ground state energy level for 4He • decay rate of the proton • neutron to proton mass ratio • nucleon to anti-nucleon # ratios • polarity of the water molecule
Cosmos Design (cont.) • epoch for hypernova eruptions • number & types of hypernovae • epoch for supernova eruptions • number & types of supernovae • epoch for white dwarf binaries • white dwarf binary dist’n & freq. • ratio of exotic to ordinary matter
Cosmos Design (cont.) • no. of dimensions in early cosmos • no. of dimensions in cosmos now • mass of the neutrino • exotic mass particles decay rates • size of big bang ripples • size of relativistic dilation factor • uncertainty magnitude in q. mech.
Some Quotes from Scientists A superintellect has monkeyed with physics, as well as with chemistry and biology. • Sir Fred Hoyle, The Universe
Quotes (cont.) As we survey all the evidence, the thought insistently arises that some supernatural agency—or rather Agency— must be involved. • Georges Greenstein, The Symbiotic Universe
Quotes (cont.) It seems as though somebody has fine-tuned nature’s numbers to make the Universe. • Paul Davies, The Cosmic Blueprint
Quotes (cont.) The impression of design is overwhelming. • Paul Davies, The Cosmic Blueprint
Some non-theist rebuttals • The Christian God would not make so many useless stars and galaxies • We would not be here unless the universe had the attributes we observe. • For an infinite number of universes an infinite variety of sets of attributes are possible.
Heavenly body problem • getting the right galaxy • getting the right star • getting the right Jupiter • getting the right Earth • getting the right Moon
Probability for planet parameter to be in needed range • galaxy size .1 • galaxy type .1 • galaxy location .1 • star distance from gal. center .2 • star distance from spiral arms .1 • proximity to supernova event .01 • timing of the supernova event .01
Parameters in range (cont.) • number of stars .2 • star birth date .2 • star age .4 • star mass .001 • star luminosity vs. speciation .0001 • star color .4 • supernovae rates & locations .01
Parameters in range (cont.) • w. d. b. types, rates & locations .01 • planetary distance from star .001 • inclination of planetary orbit .8 • axis tilt .3 • rotation period .1 • change in rotation period .05 • orbit eccentricity .3
Parameters in range (cont.) • surface gravity (esc. vel.) .001 • tidal force .1 • magnetic field .01 • albedo .1 • density .1 • thickness of crust .01 • oceans-to-continents ratio .2
Parameters in range (cont.) • change in oc.-to-cont. ratio .1 • global dist’n of continents .3 • asteroid & comet collision rates .1 • change in a. & c. collision rates .1 • body mass colliding with Earth .002 • timing of body’s collision .05 • position & mass of Jupiter .01
Parameters in range (cont.) • major planet eccentricities .1 • major planet orbital stabilities .1 • drift in major planet distances .1 • soil mineralization .1 • atmospheric transparency .01 • atmospheric pressure .1 • atm. electric discharge rate .1
Parameters in range (cont.) • atm. temperature gradient .01 • carbon dioxide level in atm. .01 • oxygen quantity in atm. .01 • ozone quantity and location .01 • water vapor level in atm. .01 • oxygen to nitrogen ratio in atm. .1 • quantity of greenhouse gases .01
Parameters in range (cont.) • tectonic activity .1 • rate of decline in tectonics .1 • volcanic activity .1 • rate of decline in vulcanism .1 • dependency factors 10,000,000,000. • longevity requirements .0001
Parameters in range (cont.) • Probability for all 53 parameters less than 1 in 10-68. • Max. no. of planets in universe ≈ 1022. • Less than 1 in ten billion trillion trillion trillion chance for one such planet to exist anywhere in the cosmos. • dependency factors 1039 • longevity requirements 1013
Parameters in range (cont.) • Probability for all 202 parameters less than 1 in 10-239. • Max. no. of planets in universe ≈ 1022. • Less than 1 chance in 10217 for one such planet to exist anywhere in the cosmos without invoking miracles.
Best time and place • maximum cosmic window • best possible observatory • best possible home • best possible physics • most to be conscious of
Anthropic Principle Inequality • 14 billion year minimum to prepare home for humanity • But, longevity of human civilization <41,000 years
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