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Transoceanic fiber optics

Transoceanic fiber optics. By Jonathan Levesque. Table of contents:. What is fiber optics ? History What is transoceanic fiber optics ? How does it work ? Advantages/Disadvantages How is it installed? How is it repaired? What do we use it for? Submarine cable types

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Transoceanic fiber optics

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  1. Transoceanic fiber optics By Jonathan Levesque

  2. Table of contents: • What is fiber optics? • History • What is transoceanic fiber optics? • How does it work? • Advantages/Disadvantages • How is it installed? • How is it repaired? • What do we use it for? • Submarine cable types • Submarine cable faults • Impact on the environment • Other amazing technologies using fiber • References

  3. What is fiber optics? • It is a cable that contains hundreds of little fibers • Transmits light pulses • Widely used in fiber-optics telecommunications. • Made of either glass(GOF) or plastic (POF) • Single-mode or multimodefiber. • Applications done with fiber : • • Voice • – Telephone trunk – Subscriber service – Near power plants • – Along power lines – Along electric railways – Field communications • • Sensors • – Gyroscope – Hydrophone – Position – Temperature • – Electric and magnetic fields • • Video • – Broadcast TV – CATV – Surveillance – Remote monitoring • – Fiber-guided missile – Fiber-to-the-home • • Data • – Computers – Interoffice data links – Local-area networks • – Fiber-to-the-home – Aircraft/ship wiring – Satellite ground stations

  4. History: • -First submarine cable between England and France. • -Proposed by Charles K. Kao and George Hockham in 1966. • -Successfully developed by Corning Glass Works in 1970. • -In 1975 the first commercial fiber optic communication system was developed • -In 1977 General telephone and Electronics sent the first live telephone traffic through fiber. • -In 1981 single mode fiber was released. • In 1988 the first transatlantic telephone cable to use fiber. • In 2001 fourth-generation fiber reached a bit rate of 10Tb/s.

  5. What is transoceanic fiber? • Communication across the ocean with fiber cables at the bottom of the ocean. • Long communication distances • Needs repeaters • Nu-wave xls/DWDM and repeaters (nxt).

  6. How does it work? • Transmission of light pulses • Transmitters • Receivers • Amplifiers • Repeaters

  7. Advantages/Disadvantages Advantages: -Quality -Noise immunity -Time delay -Bandwidth Disadvantages: -vulnerable -Special equipment needed -Susceptible to physical damage -Cost still high

  8. How is it installed? • Floated ashore from ship • Floatation bags • Cableship follows predetermined route • Cable ends jointed • Deployed on the seabed • http://www1.alcatel-lucent.com/submarine/products/marine/index.htm#

  9. How is it repaired? • Recovering the cable from seabed • Removing the damaged part • Replacing the damaged part • Placing it back on seabed

  10. What do we use it for? • Telephone traffic • Internet traffic • Private data traffic • Backbone

  11. Submarine cable types

  12. Submarine cable faults

  13. Impact on the environment • Use of environmentally friendly fluids • No greases, oils or lubricants in contact with the sea • Containment • Double/triple sealing

  14. Other amazing technologies using fiber. • Telecommunication • Illuminate decorative applications • Remote sensing • Networking • Amplification

  15. References • Wikipedia/multimode fiber • Wikipedia/fiber optics • Alcatel • Google books • Google images • SCIG cable faults • Fujitsu

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