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Lecture 1. Section 1.2-3 - revision – atomic orbitals and shapes (1.2) - relate to dot cross diagrams (1.4) Problem 1.6 – class work. Section 1.5, 1.6 and 1.7 - thermodynamics (not necessary)
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Lecture 1 Section 1.2-3 - revision – atomic orbitals and shapes (1.2) - relate to dot cross diagrams (1.4) Problem 1.6 – class work Section 1.5, 1.6 and 1.7 - thermodynamics (not necessary) - sp3 hybridisation – explanation that hybridisation is a way of explaining experimentally determined molecular shape. Problems 1.8– class work Section 1.8 - sp2 hybridisation and p bonds Section 1.9 - sp hybridisation and double p bonds Problems 1.10, 1.13 – class work Introduction to ChemSketch: http://www.freechemsketch.com/
Lecture 1 Lone Pair electrons Sp3, sp2, sp hybridisation and prediction of molecular geometry s and p bonds
Homework Questions 1.28 (b) and (c) 1.31 (b) and (c) 1.32 1.44 1.49 Practice Questions 1.28 (a) 1.31 (a) 1.41 1.46 Homework to be handed in by next Monday 8 March 2010 Extra Reading – Section 1.10
Implications of preceding slides • Hybridisation is actually a mathematical tool to re-form the 4 orbitals • (s and p orbitals) 2. It is a useful theory to explain why Carbon 2s2, 2p2 – is able to form compounds with tetrahedral, trigonal and linear geometry • 3. Helps to explain the nature of a double C=C bond – actually a sigma • And a pi bond – one bond is weaker than the other – one bond • Is more ‘delocalised’ than the other – important for mechanism later Summary – for most organic compounds – C, N, O All single bonds – sp3 – based on tetrahedral geometry – 109.5 One double bond – sp2 – based on trigonal geometry - 120 One triple bond – sp –based on linear geometry - 180
1 carbon surrounded by 4 hydrogens Equidistant and 109o SUMMARY OF LECTURE 1 / CHAPTER 1 Experimental Data (eg spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction) Theoretical Explanation These techniques tell us where the atoms are – From there we calculate/measure bond angles and bond lengths Theories to explain why molecuels have certain shapes In real life…… Interpreted this data as…… We find e.g. C-H – carbon-hydrogen single bond sp3 hybridisation explains geometry Draw diagram
Interpreted this data as…… In real life…… we find e.g… 1 carbon surrounded by 2 hydrogens and 1 carbon, 120o Distance - ?? C-H – carbon-hydrogen single bond Carbon is Sp2 hybridised
But…. in school up to now….. I See Line-diagram in text book Interpret Single/double triple bonds Predict bond Angles and lengths Assign hybridisation