How did the Civil War Affect American Life?

1. How did the Civil War Affect American Life? U.S. History & Government 11th Grade Boys/Girls Date: January 5, 2020

2. African American Struggle • 1862: African Americans were allowed to serve in the Union Army • Many enlisted after the emancipation proclamation • By the end of the war they made up 10% of the union army • Served in the separate regiments • Were paid less than the white soldiers and faced other discriminations Number of Total Slides 9

3. African American Struggle • Fate of the Captured African Americans • Immediately returned to slavery or executed on the spot • At Fort Pillow more than 200 captured African Americans were murdered by Confederates • The confederacy drafted slaves and free blacks to fight in 1863 and also in 1864 due to manpower shortage • Armed some slaves at the spring of 1865 Number of Total Slides 9

4. African American Struggle • Slave resistance in the south • Some refused to work • Some destroyed property • Some ran away to union armies • By 1864 the plantation system and slavery were crumbling in the south Number of Total Slides 9

5. War’s Effects on Southern Economy • Runaway slaves caused the decline in workforce • Food became scarce • Prices rose • Food riot broke out in 1863 in southern cities • Union blockade caused shortages of daily commodities: Sugar, salt, coffee, nails, needles, and medicines • Smuggling cotton to the North by some confederates for gold, food and other goods. Number of Total Slides 9

6. War’s Effects on Northern Economy • Economy grew rapidly: factories produced supplies needed by the army • Workers’wages did not rise compared to increased production • Booming economy caused some businesses to make huge profit • Led to corrupt practices- businesses with government contracts • Blankets and uniforms made of poor materials • Spoiled meat as fresh • twice the usual price for guns • Income tax was introduced by congress for the 1st time Number of Total Slides 9

7. Women in Economy • A greater involvement by women on both sides • Women replaced men in factories or farms • In the north many government jobs were given to women for the 1st time. • They worked as clerks Number of Total Slides 9

8. Volunteer Work during the War • United States Sanitary Commission was formed by some Northern women & doctors • Improve sanitary conditions of the soldiers • Set up hospital trains and ships to move wounded soldiers from the battlefield • 3000 Northern women served as nurses • Some, including Clara Burton, served in the front line. • Many southern women also served as nurses. Number of Total Slides 9

9. Conditions of the Soldiers • Many soldiers died from the wounds received in the battles • They suffered from poor army food, filthy conditions, and disease • Soldiers also suffered in war prisons • Andersonville, Georgia was the worst run by Confederates - overcrowded and no shelter at all. • Northern prisons did not provide any heat to southern prisoners – many caught pneumonia and died Number of Total Slides 9

10. Homework • Questions 1, 2, & 3 on page 356 Number of Total Slides 9