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CRANIOCEREBRAL TRAUMA

This document provides an overview of cranio-cerebral trauma, focusing on traumatic brain injury (TBI) types and their causes. It categorizes injuries from various modes, including assaults, falls, and road accidents. Furthermore, it delves into the pathophysiology of TBI, highlighting cellular metabolism, brain edema, and systemic manifestations. Additionally, essential clinical evaluation techniques and management strategies, including surgical treatments like craniotomy and decompressive craniectomy, are discussed, with an emphasis on intensive care management and patient monitoring.

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CRANIOCEREBRAL TRAUMA

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  1. CRANIOCEREBRAL TRAUMA TRAUMATIC BRAIN INJURY (TBI)

  2. MODES • GROUP • INJURYTYPE │ 1 2 │ Total • ───────────────────────────────┼─────────────┼────── • ASSAULT │ 153 102 │ 255 • DOMESTIC FELL │ 681 31 │ 712 • FELL DUE TO ALCOHOL │ 0 1 │ 1 • OTHER FELL │ 296 70 │ 366 • OTHERS │ 94 32 │ 126 • PEDESTRIAN │ 125 28 │ 153 • ROAD ACCIDENT │ 189 134 │ 323 • RTA OTHER OR UNKNOWN │ 361 229 │ 590 • SPORT OR PLAY │ 5 7 │ 12 • WORK │ 13 18 │ 31 • ───────────────────────────────┼─────────────┼────── • Total │ 1917 652 │ 2569

  3. Pathophysiology of Cranial Trauma • Cellular metabolism and ion homeostasis • CBF regulation • Brain edema and ICP • Systemic Manifestations water and electrolyte(DI,SIADH) • Metabolic response • Cardiopulmonary malfunction • Gastrointestinal Manifestations • DIC

  4. Clinical Evaluation • Vital signs • Neurological Evaluation conscious level(GCS) cranial nerves spinal cord functions • Associated Injuries

  5. Management • At the site of accident • Emergency department • Radiological examination • Surgical intervention • ICU management

  6. SURGICAL TREATMENT • CRANIOTOMY (EDH SDH ICH CONTUSION ) • DECOMPRESSIVE CRANIOTOMY • ELEVATION OF DEPRESSED FRACTURE • REPAIRE OF CSF LEAK • REPAIRE OF SCALP DEFECT • FACIAL INJURIAS • ARTERIOVENOUS FISTULA B

  7. ICU • VENTILATION PO2 PCO2 • ICP CPP • FLUID & ELECTRO LYTES • NUTRETION • PROPHYLACTIC ANTIBIOTIC • ANTICONVULSANT • BARBITURATES AND PROPAFOL

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