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Communication in Nursing

Communication is vital in nursing, impacting patient care and relationships. This overview discusses therapeutic and non-therapeutic communication levels, including intrapersonal, interpersonal, and group dynamics. It covers basic elements like sender, message, and feedback, as well as effective verbal and nonverbal communication strategies. Key techniques for therapeutic communication include active listening and empathy, while common non-therapeutic pitfalls to avoid are discussed. Understanding these nuances ensures better interactions with patients, families, and healthcare teams, fostering supportive professional relationships.

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Communication in Nursing

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  1. Communication in Nursing Therapeutic vs. Nontherapeutic

  2. Levels of Communication • Intrapersonal • Interpersonal • Transpersonal • Small-Group • Public

  3. Basic Elements of Communication Process • Referent • Sender and Receiver • Message • Channels • Feedback

  4. Forms of CommunicationVerbal • Vocabulary • Denotative and Connotative Meaning • Pacing • Intonation • Clarity and Brevity • Timing and Relevance

  5. Forms of CommunicationNonverbal • Personal Appearance • Posture & Gait • Facial Expressions • Eye Contact • Gestures • Territoriality and Personal Space

  6. Zones of Personal Space and Touch • Intimate (0-18 inches) • Personal (18 in to 4 ft) • Social (4-12 ft) • Public (over 12 feet) • Social • Consent • Vulnerable • Intimate

  7. Professional Nursing Relationships • Nurse-Patient Helping Relationships • Nurse-Family Relationships • Nurse-Health Care team Relationships • Nurse-Community Realtionships

  8. Phases of the Helping Relationship • Preinteraction Phase • Orientation Phase • Working Phase • Termination Phase

  9. Elements of Professional Communication • Courtesy • Use of Names • Privacy and Confidentiality • Trustworthiness • Autonomy and Responsibility • Assertiveness

  10. Therapeutic Communication Techniques • Active Listening (SOLER) • Sharing Observations • Shared Empathy • Sharing Hope • Sharing Humor • Sharing Feelings • Use of touch

  11. Therapeutic Communication Techniques Using Silence Asking Relevant Questions Paraphrasing Clarifying Focusing Summarizing Self-Disclosure Confrontation

  12. Non-Therapeutic Communication Techniques • Asking personal questions • Giving personal opinions • Changing the subject • Automatic responses • False Assurance • Sympathy • Asking for Explanations

  13. Non-Therapeutic Communication Techniques • Approval or Disapproval • Defensive Responses • Passive or Aggressive Responses • Arguing

  14. Special Needs Communication • Clients who cannot speak clearly (Aphasia, Muteness) • Clients who are cognitively impaired • Clients who are unresponsive • Language barriers • Hearing Difficulties • Children

  15. Developmental Aspects of Communication • Infants • Toddlers & preschoolers • School age children • Adolescents

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