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FUTURE TRENDS OF BIOMETRICS AND ITS CHALLENGES Dr. Shivanand S. Gornale Ph.D.FIETE,IEng.

FUTURE TRENDS OF BIOMETRICS AND ITS CHALLENGES Dr. Shivanand S. Gornale Ph.D.FIETE,IEng. Asst. Professor and Head Dept of Computer Science Government College, Mandya (Autonomous) shivanand_gornale@yahoo.com. Contents. Introduction to Biometric Technologies

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FUTURE TRENDS OF BIOMETRICS AND ITS CHALLENGES Dr. Shivanand S. Gornale Ph.D.FIETE,IEng.

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  1. 2nd Refresher Course in Mathematical Science,9th-29th Jan-2012, ASC,Mysore FUTURE TRENDS OF BIOMETRICS AND ITS CHALLENGES Dr. Shivanand S. Gornale Ph.D.FIETE,IEng. Asst. Professor and Head Dept of Computer Science Government College, Mandya (Autonomous) shivanand_gornale@yahoo.com

  2. Contents 2nd Refresher Course in Mathematical Science,9th-29th Jan-2012, ASC,Mysore • Introduction to Biometric Technologies • Types of Biometric Technologies and their Strengths and Weaknesses • Why Fingerprint Biometrics • Underlying technologies • Biometric Applications • Summary of the talk

  3. Introduction to Biometric Technologies 2nd Refresher Course in Mathematical Science,9th-29th Jan-2012, ASC,Mysore

  4. Biometrics defined….. 2nd Refresher Course in Mathematical Science,9th-29th Jan-2012, ASC,Mysore A biometric is any measurable, robust, distinctive, physical characteristic or personal trait of an individual that can be used to identify or verify the claimed identity of the individual Biometrics system is an automated system of identifying a person based on person’s physical or behavioral characteristics Biometrics system is a system which identifies a person based on “Who the person is ” and does not rely on “What the person is carrying” or “What the person knows”

  5. Why Biometrics? 2nd Refresher Course in Mathematical Science,9th-29th Jan-2012, ASC,Mysore Biometrics are required to : • Ensure Enhanced security and safety • Identify an Individual Uniquely • Verify the identity of an individual who he claims to be • Provide access to high security zones/areas to authorized individuals • Identify criminals and prove them guilty beyond doubt

  6. Requirements of a Biometric 2nd Refresher Course in Mathematical Science,9th-29th Jan-2012, ASC,Mysore • Universal – Everyone should have the characteristic • Unique – The characteristic should be unique • Permanent & Consistent–characteristic should be invariant with time • Collectible– characteristic should be easy to collect or capture • Tamper Resistant– characteristic should be impractical to change, manipulate • Comparable– characteristic template should be comparable to others • Acceptability– People should accept the capturing process

  7. How a biometric works 2nd Refresher Course in Mathematical Science,9th-29th Jan-2012, ASC,Mysore

  8. Types of Biometric Technologies 2nd Refresher Course in Mathematical Science,9th-29th Jan-2012, ASC,Mysore

  9. Types of Biometrics CMC Limited 2nd Refresher Course in Mathematical Science,9th-29th Jan-2012, ASC,Mysore

  10. Types of Biometrics Biometric • Retina, Voice, Hand Geometry, DNA etc. have accuracy problems and/or under research • Fingerprints have been used for solving crime by police for over 100 years Fingerprint HandGeo DNA Retina Voice CMC Limited 2nd Refresher Course in Mathematical Science,9th-29th Jan-2012, ASC,Mysore

  11. Types of Biometrics Retina Hand Geometry Fingerprints Iris Signature 2nd Refresher Course in Mathematical Science,9th-29th Jan-2012, ASC,Mysore

  12. Facial Recognition – Strengths & Weaknesses 2nd Refresher Course in Mathematical Science,9th-29th Jan-2012, ASC,Mysore Based on Relative position and shape of nose, position of heekbones Strengths • Non – disturbing (invasive) • Low Cost Weaknesses • Low accuracy • Very sensitive to light changes • Faces change with age • Facial Appearances can be changed • FRVT (Face Recognition Vendor Test) 2002 Evaluation • The best performer in FRVT 2002 had • Indoor Data Sets: 90% verification rate at FAR of 1% • Outdoor Data Sets: only 50% verification rate at FAR of 1%

  13. Challenges in Face Recognition 2nd Refresher Course in Mathematical Science,9th-29th Jan-2012, ASC,Mysore

  14. Iris Recognition – Strengths & Weaknesses 2nd Refresher Course in Mathematical Science,9th-29th Jan-2012, ASC,Mysore • Strengths • Very Accurate • Source (Iris) rarely gets damaged • More distinctive features • Weaknesses • Disturbing • High cost • Controlled lighting • Contact lenses, sunglasses, optical glasses • Difficult to manage equipment

  15. Iris Recognition – Challenges 2nd Refresher Course in Mathematical Science,9th-29th Jan-2012, ASC,Mysore

  16. Retinal Scanning – Strengths & Weaknesses 2nd Refresher Course in Mathematical Science,9th-29th Jan-2012, ASC,Mysore Based on Blood vessel patterns on the retina • Strengths • Retinal vasculature is rich in structural information • Very secure : Vasculature is hard to change • Weakness • Very disturbing – entails contact with an eyepiece • Requires cooperative subject • Very expensive • Too much movement of head or eye Glasses

  17. Retinal Scanning – Challenges 2nd Refresher Course in Mathematical Science,9th-29th Jan-2012, ASC,Mysore

  18. Hand Geometry – Strengths & Weaknesses 2nd Refresher Course in Mathematical Science,9th-29th Jan-2012, ASC,Mysore Based on Height & width of bones and joints in hands and fingers • Strengths • High Accuracy • Easy to use • Small template size • Weaknesses • Intrusive[disturbing] • Only one vender • High cost of sensors • Verification only, not an identification device • Change in weight • Swelling of joints

  19. DNA – Strengths & Weaknesses 2nd Refresher Course in Mathematical Science,9th-29th Jan-2012, ASC,Mysore • Strengths • Ultimate unique code for one’s individuality • Extremely accurate • Used widely for paternity identification • Weakness • Very Intrusive [disturbing] • Requires cooperative subject • Easily contaminated • Process is too slow for automatic real time identification • Identical for twins

  20. Voice Recognition – Strengths & Weaknesses 2nd Refresher Course in Mathematical Science,9th-29th Jan-2012, ASC,Mysore Based on Frequency, cadence and duration of vocal pattern • Strengths • Remote (phone/recording) capability • Mature technology (signal processing) • Many systems in use • Low cost of sensors • Weakness • Low accuracy • Performance varies significantly depending on device • Variation in background noise • Changes with Cold or vocal related illness

  21. Signature – Strengths & Weaknesses 2nd Refresher Course in Mathematical Science,9th-29th Jan-2012, ASC,Mysore Based on the speed & pressure exerted by the hand when signing a name, as well as static shape of the completed signature • Strengths • Currently the most commonly used behavioral biometric method • Low Cost • Widely accepted • Weakness • Different Signing Positions(Sitting Vs Standing) • Signing too quickly • Signatures vary with time and age

  22. Fingerprints – Strengths & Weaknesses Fingerprints – Strengths & Weaknesses 2nd Refresher Course in Mathematical Science,9th-29th Jan-2012, ASC,Mysore • Strengths • Mature technology • Widely used • Forensic (evidentiary) acceptability • Uniqueness of Minutiae • Large collection of fingerprint files • High Accuracy • Weakness • 3-4% of population cannot be fingerprinted due to cut of fingerprints, some persons don’t have hands etc.,

  23. Fingerprints – Challenges 2nd Refresher Course in Mathematical Science,9th-29th Jan-2012, ASC,Mysore

  24. Gait – Strengths & Weaknesses 2nd Refresher Course in Mathematical Science,9th-29th Jan-2012, ASC,Mysore • Strengths • Non Intrusive • Weakness • Not Proven • Still Emerging • Under R&D • Changes due to weight, age ,inability, injury • Compute, Input Intensive • No commercial System Exist

  25. Why Fingerprint Biometrics? 2nd Refresher Course in Mathematical Science,9th-29th Jan-2012, ASC,Mysore

  26. Fingerprints as Identification • Fingerprints are unique • For each individual • For each finger • Also unique in case of twins • Fingerprint uniqueness is maintained from birth to death • Fingerprints can also be used to prevent various kinds of fraud involving false identity • Minutiae details are permanent CMC Limited 2nd Refresher Course in Mathematical Science,9th-29th Jan-2012, ASC,Mysore

  27. 2nd Refresher Course in Mathematical Science,9th-29th Jan-2012, ASC,Mysore

  28. Biometric Technologies - A Comparison A perfect biometric would have all symbols at the extreme periphery while a poor one would have all symbols near the center of the chart. 2nd Refresher Course in Mathematical Science,9th-29th Jan-2012, ASC,Mysore

  29. Biometrics – Market Segments 2nd Refresher Course in Mathematical Science,9th-29th Jan-2012, ASC,Mysore

  30. Biometrics – Market Segments 2nd Refresher Course in Mathematical Science,9th-29th Jan-2012, ASC,Mysore In a recent published World Biometric Market Outlook (2005-2008), analysts predict that while the average annual growth rate of the global biometric market is more than 28%, by 2007. The technologies that would be included are fingerprint technology by 60%, facial & iris by 13%, keystroke by 0.5% and digital signature scans by 2.5%

  31. Underlying Technologies 2nd Refresher Course in Mathematical Science,9th-29th Jan-2012, ASC,Mysore

  32. Underlying Technologies • Technologies • Image processing • Pattern recognition • Neural networks • Artificial intelligence • Sensors • Databases • Computation • System Integration CMC Limited 2nd Refresher Course in Mathematical Science,9th-29th Jan-2012, ASC,Mysore

  33. Biometric Applications 2nd Refresher Course in Mathematical Science,9th-29th Jan-2012, ASC,Mysore

  34. Biometric Applications • Forensic Application • Government Application – Person Identification Applications • Commercial Applications CMC Limited 2nd Refresher Course in Mathematical Science,9th-29th Jan-2012, ASC,Mysore

  35. Forensic Applications • Suspect Identification • Criminal Identification • Corpse Identification Live Scanners Used in Forensic Applications • Captures all 10 rolled fingerprints • Costs about 30,000 USD CMC Limited 2nd Refresher Course in Mathematical Science,9th-29th Jan-2012, ASC,Mysore

  36. Government Applications – Person Identification • National Identity Cards • Voter identification • Driving License • Seafarers identity • Border Control • Passport Issuance • Pensioner Identification • Insurance companies • Land/Vehicle Registrations • Immigration Services and foreigner identification • Investor Identification at Stock exchanges • Visitor Identification at Control zones • Arms Licenses CMC Limited 2nd Refresher Course in Mathematical Science,9th-29th Jan-2012, ASC,Mysore

  37. Challenges in Present Biometrics System Need of Automated and Multi-Biometrics System • More than one biometric symbol is used to get the more secured one and more Authenticated one • Adhar Card is one of the example of Multi-biomodel system 2nd Refresher Course in Mathematical Science,9th-29th Jan-2012, ASC,Mysore

  38. In Summery • Biometric Technologies • Types of Biometric Technologies and their strengths and weaknesses • Why Fingerprint Biometrics • Underlying technologies • Biometric Applications • Challenges in Biometrics system and Need of Automated Multi-Biometrics System 2nd Refresher Course in Mathematical Science,9th-29th Jan-2012, ASC,Mysore

  39. Interactions and suggestion 2nd Refresher Course in Mathematical Science,9th-29th Jan-2012, ASC,Mysore

  40. Thank You CMC Limited 2nd Refresher Course in Mathematical Science,9th-29th Jan-2012 , ASC,Mysore

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