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This text explores the causes of World War II, focusing on Germany's path to war and the invasion of Poland. The text also highlights the role of Japan in the war.
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Monday Bellringer Quick Write: Make a list of at least 3 things that come to mind when you think about World War II.
Chapter 19 World War II: 1939-1945
Section 1German Path to War • Adolf Hitler believed that Germany could build a great civilization. • Germany needed more land to support the German people. • Hitler also believed that Germany could revise the unfair provisions of the Treaty of Versailles. • In March 1935, he created a new air force and began a military draft.
Germany violated the TOV by sending troops to the Rhineland, which was supposed to be a demilitarized zone. • This began the policy of appeasement. Appeasement is the belief that if European states satisfied reasonable demands of dissatisfied states, they would be content and preserve peace. • Hitler gained an ally in Benito Mussolini while forming the Rome-Berlin Axis. Germany also signed the Anti-Comintern Pact with Japan. • By 1937, Germany had become a very powerful nation.
In 1938, by threat of invasion, Hitler forced Austria to put Nazis in charge of their government. • After demanding more land, British, French, Italian, and German representatives met in Munich to discuss these demands. • They came away believing that the settlement from the conference would mean peace and Germany would make no more demands. • After the conference, Hitler was even more convinced that France and Great Britain would not fight.
Tuesday- Bell Ringer • 1. Who did Germany and Hitler ally with while also forming the Anit-cominterm pact? 2. Germany violated the terms of the Treaty of Versailles by sending its troops here.
Hitler invaded western Czechoslovakia, France and Great Britain began to react. • France and Great Britain began negotiations with Joseph Stalin. They knew they would need the Soviet Union to help contain the Nazis.
Hitler was afraid of this, so in August 1939, Germany and the Soviet Union signed the Nazi-Soviet Nonaggression Pact. • They promised not to attack each other and Hitler offered Stalin the eastern half of Poland and the Baltic states.
Hitler knew he would eventually break the pact, however it gave him freedom to invade Poland. • On 1 September 1939, Germany invaded Poland. Two days later, Great Britain and France declared war on Germany.
Wednesday-Bell Ringer • When did WWII begin? • Who did Germany invade to start WWII?
Japan’s Path to War • In September 1931, Japanese soldiers seized Manchuria. The Japanese faked the attack. • By the 1930s, militants had gained control of Japanese politics. The US opposed it but didn’t stop it.
Japanese military leaders wanted to establish a New Order in East Asia. Japan thought that, as the only modernized country, they could guide the other East Asian countries to prosperity. • The Japanese planned to seize Soviet Siberia also. • During the 1930s, Japan began cooperating with Nazi Germany. The Japanese thought they and Germany could defeat the Soviet Union and divide its resources.
The Nazi-Soviet Nonaggression Pact forced Japan to rethink their goals. The Japanese needed the natural resources. • In 1940, the Japanese demanded the right to exploit economic resources in French Indochina. • The US responded by imposing economic sanctions, unless Japan withdrew to its borders of 1931.
The Japanese badly needed the oil and scrap iron from the US. The economic sanctions were a real threat. • In the end, after long debate, Japan decided to launch a surprise attack on US and European colonies in Southeast Asia.
Section 2 • Germany used a blitzkrieg (“lightning war”) to invade and take over Poland in only four weeks. • On September 28, 1939, Germany and the Soviet Union divided Poland.
In the spring of 1940, Hitler invaded Denmark and Norway. In May, Germany attacked the Netherlands, Belgium, and France. • The French had fortified their border with Germany along the Maginot Line, but the Germans just went around it.
Blitzkrieg Video • https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=vgCWMZaKKUw
Bell Ringer-Wednesday • What types of technology did the Germans use during the invasion of Poland? Engineers, photographs etc. 4-5 Sentences.
On June 22, the French signed an armistice with the Germans. • An authoritarian French government was set up under German control. This was named Vichy France. • The British asked the US for help, but due to a policy of isolationism, the US did nothing at first.
Over time, the US began sending food, ships, planes, and weapons to Britain. • Hitler knew he could not attack Great Britain without first having control of the air. • The German Luftwaffe (air force) began major bombing raids on Great Britain.
Hitler began bombing British cities instead of military targets after GB bombed Berlin. • This allowed GB to rebuild their air force and began inflicting crippling losses on the Germans.
Hitler was convinced that the only way to defeat GB was to first defeat the Soviet Union. • Hitler invaded the Soviet Union in June 1941. • German troops moved quickly and captured over two million Russian soldiers by November.
Atom Bomb Video • http://www.history.com/topics/world-war-ii/world-war-ii-history/videos/atomic-bomb-ends-wwII • https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=t19kvUiHvAE
Bell ringer- Thursday • 1. What was the name for the building of the atomic bomb? • 2. How much was the total cost to build the atomic bombs?
The Germans came within 25 miles of Moscow, however winter came early that year. • The winter and a combined Russian resistance forced the Germans to halt. This was the first time in the war that Germany had been stopped. • The Germans were not equipped for winter and in December, the Soviet army counterattacked.
On December 7, 1941, the Japanese attacked the US naval base at Pearl Harbor in Hawaii. • The Japanese thought that their attacks on the US fleet would destroy the US Navy and lead the Americans to accept Japanese domination in the Pacific.
However, the attack on Pearl Harbor had the opposite effect, it actually united the American people and convinced the nation that it should enter the war against Japan. • Hitler thought that the Americans would be too involved in the Pacific to fight in Europe. Four days later he declared war on the US. WWII had become a global war.
Pearl Harbor • https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=VRCLn78eduw
Bell Ringer- Friday 1.What is the name for “lightning war”? 2. What was the date that Japan bombed Pearl Harbor?
A new coalition was formed called the Grand Alliance. It included Great Britain, the Soviet Union, and the US. • The three nations play nice with each other until the Axis powers surrendered unconditionally.
In 1942, the Allies had their first successes in the Pacific. In the Battle of the Coral Sea in May, American naval forces stopped the Japanese and saved Australia from invasion. • In June, the Battle of Midway Island was the turning point in the Pacific.
The Allied military operations in the Pacific was led by General Douglas MacArthur. • By November 1942, after fierce battles in the Solomon Islands, the Japanese power was diminishing.
Bell Ringer Monday • 1. At this battle the United States turned the war into their favor while defeating the Japan navy for the first time in 300 years. • 2. This alliance formed when the United States joined the war, there was an understanding that the countries did not agree on everything, but would fight for a common cause.
The Allies had long been planning a “second front” in western Europe. • On June 6, 1944 (D-Day), the Allies under General Dwight D. Eisenhower landed on the beaches in Normandy. • The Germans were expecting the invasion to take place in another location and was slow to respond. This allowed the Allies to set up beachhead and landed over two million men and half-million vehicles. This allowed for the eventual breakthrough of the German lines.
After D-Day, the Allies moved south and east. They were able to liberate Paris by August. In March of 1945, the Allies crossed the Rhine River. • By January 1945, Hitler had moved into an underground bunker in Berlin. In the end, he blamed the Jews for the war. On April 30, he committed suicide. • On May 7, 1945, German commanders surrendered.
The war in Asia continued. As the Allies come closer to the Japanese home islands in 1945, President Harry S. Truman decided to drop atomic bombs on Japanese cities. • He hoped that this would avoid an invasion of Japan.
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=2Zl3O_vEUSo • https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=QzgKMDydr5Y
Bell ringer- Tuesday • 1. On this day German commanders surrendered ending their involvement in the Second World War. • 2. The second front by the allies was known as D-Day when they landed on the beaches of Normandy, what was D-Day?
The first bomb was dropped on the city of Hiroshima on August 6. Three days later, a second bomb was dropped on Nagasaki. Both cities were completely destroyed. • The Japanese surrendered on August 14. • WWII was over. 17 million people had died in battle. A total estimate of 50 million total died.
At the Yalta Conference the three big power ( Soviet Union, United States, Great Britain) included big changes like the creation of the United Nations. • Also Stalin wanted to divide Europe so that Eastern Europe was not influenced by the West.
The Potsdam Conference split Germany into four zones and continued to have differing opinions between U.S and USSR. • At the Nuremberg War Crime Trials Nazi leaders were put on trial for their actions.
