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L ocal A rea N etwork

L ocal A rea N etwork. Consists of a shared transmission medium and a set of hardware and software Regulating the orderly access to the medium. L ocal A rea N etwork. Topology. Bus Interface hardware (tap) Linear transmission medium (bus)

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L ocal A rea N etwork

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  1. Local Area Network • Consists of a shared transmission mediumand a set of hardware and software • Regulating the orderly access to the medium

  2. Local Area Network

  3. Topology • Bus • Interface hardware (tap) • Linear transmission medium (bus) • Terminator; at the end of a wire or cable to prevent a signal from being reflected back from the end, causing interference.

  4. Topology • Ring • Point to point ring interface in a closed loop • Unidirectional link • IEEE 802.5: Token ring • Fiber distributed data interface (FDDI) American National Standards Institute (ANSI) (Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE))

  5. Fiber Distributed Data Interface

  6. topology • Star • Stations connected to a common central node (Hub or switch) • Hub; broadcast to all stations • Switch; to the particular station,at the same time unused lines used for switching other traffic

  7. Token ring network with star topology

  8. Multiple access protocols

  9. Random-access protocol Collision detection Carrier sense multiple access Multiple access Collision avoidance

  10. ALOHA network Any station sends a frame to the base station The base station relays it to the destination

  11. ALOHA protocol

  12. CSMA Each station first listen to the medium Collision exists because of the propagation delay

  13. Persistence strategies Nonpersistent If the line is busy, the station waits a random of time and then sense the line again

  14. Persistent 1-persistent If the station find the line idle, the station send its frame immediately p-persistent If the station find the line idle, the station may or may not send It sends with probability p

  15. CSMA/CD (used in Ethernet) Jam signal is to inform other stations All stations discard the part of the frame received

  16. CSMA/CA

  17. Multiple access protocols

  18. Reservation A station needs to make a reservation before sending data If there are N stations in the system, there are exactly N slots in the reservation frame

  19. Select

  20. Poll

  21. Token passing A station is authorized to send data when it receives a special frame called a token When no data are being sent, a token circulates around the ring

  22. Token passing procedure

  23. Multiple access protocols

  24. Channelization protocol Frequency division multiple access FDMA Time division multiple access TDMA Code division multiple access CDMA

  25. CDMA Each station is assigned a code or Chips (Orthogonal sequences).

  26. Encoding rules

  27. CDMA Multiplexing

  28. CDMA Multiplexing

  29. Ethernet A well-known and widely used network technology created in 1976 IEEE now controls Ethernet standards IEEE 802; Physical layer (802.3(Ethernet) 802.4 (Token Bus) 802.5 (Token ring)) Data link layer(802.2) Network layer(802.1)

  30. IEEE standard 802.3 802.3 Cabling (10 Mbps, baseband signaling)

  31. Ethernet segments

  32. Gigabit Ethernet Configuration

  33. Gigabit Ethernet – Physical

  34. 10Gbps Ethernet Configurations

  35. 10Gbps Ethernet Options

  36. Ethernet • Access method: CSMA\CD • Addressing: Each station has its own Network Interface Card with a physical address • Line coding: • Manchester (10Base2) • MLT-3 • 4B5B,NRZI (100Base-TX)

  37. Data link control: • Logical link control (LLC) • HDLC • Common to all LAN protocols • Medium access control (MAC) • Contention control for the shared media • Specific to the LAN using them (Ethernet, Token Ring, Token bus)

  38. Ethernet

  39. 802.3 MAC frame Protocol data unit (PDU) data unit in The IEEE 802.2 logical link control (LLC) Length/type of PDUNumber of bytes in the coming PDU If the length is fixed, type is to identify the network layer protocol such as 0800 is Internet IP version 4

  40. Networking and internetworking devices

  41. Repeater

  42. Hub

  43. Function of a bridge Regenerate and filter traffic Check destination address Forwards the new copy to the segment to which the address belongs

  44. Multiport bridge

  45. Connecting LAN segments in two buildings

  46. Router

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