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Earth Observation for Deforestation Monitoring: A Story of Action

This presentation highlights the ongoing efforts of INPE in monitoring deforestation in the Amazon using Earth observation data. It explores the scientific reactions to deforestation, the detection methods used, and the importance of transparency in governance. The presentation also discusses the global forest information system and the various stakeholders involved in deforestation monitoring.

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Earth Observation for Deforestation Monitoring: A Story of Action

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  1. Earth Observation Information and Decision Making: An ongoing story Gilberto Câmara, INPE, Brazil IGOS-GEO Symposium, 2009

  2. INPE: Clear-cut deforestation mapping of Amazonia since 1988 ~230 scenes Landsat/year Yearly detailed estimates of clear-cut areas LANDSAT-class data (wall-to-wall)

  3. Then, in November, 2004.... Yearly deforestation rate for 2003-2004: 27,100 km2

  4. Public opinion reaction was strong What is the proper scientific reaction?

  5. T1 – Selective logging T2 – Loss of smaller trees T3 – Loss >50% of forest T4 – Loss >90% of forest How does deforestation happen?

  6. Intensive Logging time Can we detect deforestation before it is too late? Warning 1 Loss >50% Warning 2 Loss > 90% Warning 3

  7. Satellites for Monitoring Tropical Forests (2004) 100 Identification 50 CCD CBERS-2 Mapping LANDSAT TM 10 Revisit (days) 5 MODIS Detection 1 5 50 1 10 100 1000 Resolution (m)

  8. DETER: Real-time Deforestation Monitoring 15-day warnings of newly deforested large areas MODIS data

  9. Altamira (Pará) – LANDSAT Image – 22 August 2003

  10. Altamira (Pará) – MODIS Image – 07 May 2004

  11. Altamira (Pará) – MODIS Image – 22 June 2004 6.000 hectares deforested in one month!

  12. Go to the field....

  13. ...and get the bad guys!

  14. How hard is to use MODIS images to detect deforestation? Landsat/TM August 2007 MODIS November 2007 Alerta DETER nov-2007

  15. Monitoring forest degradation (S 12,270 ; W 54,130)

  16. For a while, everything was well...

  17. Transparency builds credibility “Today, Brazil’s monitoring system is the envy of the world. INPE provides automated bi-weekly alerts that other tropical nations would love to emulate.”

  18. Transparency builds governance 500.000 registrations 46 million protests

  19. Then, in January 2008...

  20. Transparencybuildsgovernance

  21. Relative Variation 2007-2008 (%)

  22. Yearly rates of deforestation: 2008-2009 Smallest yearly increase since the 1970s

  23. A Global Forest Information System CBERS HRC (2,5 m) LANDSAT TM (30 m) Navigate, describe, understand: image navigation and processing, production and dissemination of information, knowledge-building using semantics

  24. “A few satellites can cover the entire globe, but there needs to be a system in place to ensure their images are readily available to everyone who needs them. Brazil has set an important precedent by making its Earth-observation data available, and the rest of the world should follow suit.”

  25. Data for the world´s tropical areas Miyun Urumchi Aswan Maspalomas Ghuangzhou Chetumal Accra(?) Nairobi(?) Boa Vista Darwin) Cuiabá Jo´burg Global satellite data in 5 meter+ will be free Concerted action needed with benefits to all involved

  26. Optical Satellites for Forestry HRC CBERS-2B LISS-4 (IRS-P6) 100 MUX CBERS-3/4 SPOT HRV 50 Mapping CCD CBERS-2/3/4 HRG SPOT LISS-3 IRS-P6/7 TM LANDSAT Identification 10 Revisit (days) SENTINEL-2 Detection AWIFS (IRS-P6/7) 5 AWFI CBERS-3/4 AWFI Amaz-1/2 WFI CBERS-2 MODIS 1 5 50 500 1 10 100 1000 Resolution (metres)

  27. Multiple perspectives Type 1: Capable national agencies Type 2: Other National agencies Type 3: International organizations Type 4: Scientists and experts Type 5: Private companies (markets and services) Type 6: NGOs and common citizens.

  28. Supporting Type 1 users with high-resolution CBERS-HRC image (2,5 meters) Degradation Deforestation Validation sites (INPE, Feb 2008) High-resolutionimagessupportvalidation

  29. Supporting Type 2 users with web tools Angola CBERS CCD (20 m) 24-June-08 GoogleEarth (resolution? date? ) Angola nationalreport? Web-basedtools for mapping, validationandassessmentofdeforestation

  30. SupportingType 4 userswithsemantics Overcomingthesemantical debate Deforestation! Deforestation? What is deforestation? Knowledge base A Knowledge base B

  31. Global Forest Information System National, int´l agencies Open Globes WikiForest OpenForestMap Congo DR Scientists, Citizens, Markets Angola

  32. Development as Freedom (Amartya Sen) The goal of development is the promotion and expansion of valuable capabilities. Capability is the freedom to achieve valuable beings and doings.

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