AMERICAN HISTORY 8TH GRADE

1. AMERICAN HISTORY 8TH GRADE OUTLINE NOTES CHAPTER 1 SECTION 1(P.16)

2. I. First Americans-Prehistory to 1492 • A. First Americans arrived about 25,000 years ago to North America • B. they migrated from Aisa over a land bridge called Beringia during the last ice age. Today it lies under the Bering sea.

3. Why did these people migrate? • C. They were nomads that lived in groups called CLANS. • D. They followed migrating herds of animals for food , clothing, shelter, tools. • What animals? • Mammoths • Caibou • Bison (buffalo)

5. II. Native Americans Settle downchapter 1 section 2&3 • A. Native Americans start to move south. • They travel all the way to end of South America . • This takes thousands of years

6. B. Native Americans learn to farm. • 1.They develop … • Villages • Cities • Empires • 2.a diversity of cultures arise • 3. A society develops among different Native Americans • Government/laws • Religions • Trade • Communication • education

8. Native American Empires

9. CHAPTER 2section 2 I. Europeans arrive to the Americas

10. Christopher Columbus sails the ocean blue in 1492 • Columbus sails for Spain in search of a shorter trade route to the East Indies • 69 days later he accidentally lands on a small island in what became known as the West Indies

12. Europe's view of Columbus's discovery of America

13. Spanish are the first Europeans in America • Conquistadors come to ? • 1. explore and conquer Native American empires (hero's) • 2. become wealthy (looking for gold) • 3. famous • All in the name of God, Queen, Country

14. Other reasons Spain came to America • Establish colonies for trade • Develop trade routes • Spread Catholic religion to Native Americans

15. Famous conquistadors • Cortez conquers the Aztec Empire. • Pizarro conquers the Inca Empire

16. Aztec & Inca Empires

18. Machu Piccha

19. Spain Claims • Mexico/ all lands west of the Mississippi river to the Pacific ocean • Central America • Most of islands in the Caribbean • Florida

20. II. French come to America • Wants to trade and make money • Has NO colonial interest • Develop fur and fishing industries • Develop good relations with Native Americans. French did not want land just trade and hunt, became friends with the Indians. They assimilated the Indian culture.

21. What did the French trade with the Native Americans? • Guns • Knives • Jewelry • Pots & pans • Blankets • tools

22. Native Americans trade what with the French? Beaver pelts Other furs , like mink, deer, bear, buffalo And gave the French the right to hunt ,fish on the land French were also allowed in many cases to marry Native Americans.

24. Names of lands claimed by France in North America. • Canada • Ohio river valley • Mississippi river valley to New Orleans

25. The Dutch come to America • Claim Hudson river valley (in what is New York today) • New Jersey area • Set fur and fishing colony in New Amsterdam (New York city)

26. MAP OF NEW AMSTERDAM 1660

27. Map of forts of the Dutch in New Nederland

28. THE END OF CHAPTER 1&2 NOTES

29. AMERICAN HISTROY CHAPTER 3 ENGLAND IN AMERICA

30. England wants settlements in America. Spain and England are enemies, why? • Rivalry over trade • Religious differences; England was protestant , Spain was catholic • The leader of Spain is king Phillip • Leader of England is queen Elizabeth

31. England starts to raid Spanish gold ships and colonial ports. English adventurer and privateer Sir Francis Drake is given secret permission by queen Elizabeth to raid the Spanish.

32. War between England and Spain starts • England wins by destroying The Spanish Armada in the English Channel • England gains control the seas • England wants colonies in America, a source of natural resources

33. The English Channel

34. Spanish Armada vs. English in the English Channel

36. The lost colony Introduction Video

37. The first English colony • In 1585 Sir Walter Raleigh establishes a colony on Roanoake Island off the coast of North Carolina • John White is their leader- brings 100 men to try to settle on Roanoake

38. Hard times hit Roanoake • Long winter very difficult • Shortage of food • Illness & disease • Colonist become very unhappy • They return to England

39. Second try at Roanoke -1587 • John white and 91 men, 17 women, 9 children try to settle on Roanoake • John White leaves to get more supplies, said he would be back in 3 months, but is gone for 3 years

40. John white returns to Roanoake • Finds no one, just a carving on an gate post “CROATOAN” which is the name of an island near by. • They search, but find nothing • Bad weather forces White to return to England. • Roanoake colonist are never seen again • Named the “Lost Colony”

41. Search for Roanoke colonist

43. Jamestown Colony 1607 • First successful English colony in America. (on the TAKS TEST) • Founded by the Virginia Company a joint – stock company • It was formed by rich investors

44. Jamestown • 144 men and 3 ships land in America on the James river in Virginia • They send more time looking for gold than building shelter and trading post and growing and looking for food • They were suppose to set up a fur and fishing post

45. Many die as winter comes , Why? • No food • Poor location for farming( they set up camp in a swamp-salt marsh) • Diseases from mosquitoes • Die of exposure • Native American attacks

46. A leader steps up and saves Jamestown • Captain John Smith keeps colony alive • Enforces military law • Force labor • Strict rules like “ no work, no eat”

47. Jamestown has money problems. • The colony is not making any profit • Virginia company is about to go bankrupt • John Rolfe saves Jamestown by developing a sweeter mild favor tobacco. • The tobacco is a big seller in England • Tobacco becomes a CASH CROP for Jamestown

48. Pocahontas • Pocahontas is the daughter of the chief of the Powhatans( the local Indian tribe) • Pocahontas has become friends with the English and has tried to keep peace between the English and Potwhatans • She marries John Rolfe this cools off the conflicts between the English and Powhatans for awhile

49. Jamestown early 1600s

50. More English come to America- who and why?( foldable notes)