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AP Statistics

AP Statistics. Final Exam Review!!!!!. Experimental Design. Random Sampling Stratified Sampling Convenience Sampling Cluster Sampling Systematic Sampling Multistage Sampling Census etc…………. Comparison of Boxplots!!. Be able to discuss the variability, IQR, etc.. . Percentiles.

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AP Statistics

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  1. AP Statistics Final Exam Review!!!!!

  2. Experimental Design • Random Sampling • Stratified Sampling • Convenience Sampling • Cluster Sampling • Systematic Sampling • Multistage Sampling • Census etc…………

  3. Comparison of Boxplots!! • Be able to discuss the variability, IQR, etc..

  4. Percentiles • Ex: A random sample of size 25 is taken from a normal population having a mean 200 and standard deviation 10. What is the 95th percentile? Ans:invnorm(0.95,200,2)=203.3

  5. Probability!! • Formulas: • P(A and B)=P(A)P(B) If they are independent • P(A or B)=P(A) + P(B) • If they are mutually exclusive • OR • P(A or B)=P(A) + P(B)- P(A and B) if they have two events in common!! • P(AІB)= P(A and B)/ P(B)

  6. Probability Examples • Ex 1: The probability I like Pretzels is .45. The probability I likes Bagels is .25. The probability I like Pretzels and Bagels is .35. Are these 2 events independent? • Is P(P and B)=P(P)*P(B)? 0.35 ≠ (0.45)(0.25) Therefore they are not independent!

  7. Ex 2: The probability that I play volleyball on Tuesday is 0.9. The probability that I play volleyball and go running on Tuesday is 0.6. What is the probability I went running, given that I went to volleyball? • P(R|V)= 0.6/0.9=0.6667

  8. Venn Diagram • The probability your family goes to the park is 65%. The probability your family goes to the beach is 30%. The probability your family goes to the beach and the park while on vacation is 20%. What is the probability they don’t go to either? • 25%

  9. Mean and Standard Deviation of Independent Events • The mean amount of calories in a cup of cereal is 200 calories with a standard deviation of 20. The mean amount of calories in a cup of milk is 100 calories with a standard deviation of 10. • What is the mean and standard deviation of the amount of calories if you pour one cup of cereal and one cup of milk. =

  10. Error in a Significance Test • Type I: (α) -Reject H₀ when in fact H₀ is true. • Type II: (β) -Accept H₀, when in fact Ha is true. ** Remember to define and also state in terms of the problem Increase Power????? Increase you sample size!!!!!!!

  11. Confidence Intervals • Calculate and interpret a confidence interval We are 95% the true mean number of baskets made was between 2 and 10 baskets.

  12. Interpret slope • Y-intercept • Correlation? • Coefficient of Determination • Predict the final grade if the quiz average was 75.

  13. Z-scores Jen scored a 1240 on her SAT and a 27 on her ACT. The SAT has a mean of 1080 and a std. dev. of 100 while the ACT has a mean of 25 with a std. dev. of 2.3. Which test results should she report on her college applications? SAT = (1240-1080)/100=1.6 ACT= (27-25)/2.3=0.87 She scored better on the SAT

  14. Characteristics of a t-curve • With your partners, think of 2 characteristics that apply to a t-distribution • Asymptotic w/ the x-axis and extends infinitely to the left and right Hint: How do we define a t-curve? Mean & Standard Deviation?

  15. How measures of center are affected • What happens to the: -mean -standard deviation -median -correlation • If I double everyone’s quiz grade. • If I add 5 extra credit points to everyone’s quiz grade.

  16. What is a “p-value”???? • Assuming Ho is true, there is a 2.37% chance of observing a value as extreme or more extreme than the one observed.

  17. Binomial Distribution • -There are a fixed # of trials • -They are independent • -The probability of success, p, is the same • -There are 2 outcomes, success or failure.

  18. Binomial Distribution Example • The probability I hit a triple is 0.24. What is the probability of getting at least one triple in 6 of my at-bats? Ans: 1-P(no triples)= 1 – P(0)=

  19. Residuals • Residuals: Observed – Predicted R= O-P What does it mean if we get a negative residual? Prediction was too high Positive? Prediction was too low

  20. Probability Distributions? What is the expected value? μ= 1(1/3) + 2(1/4) + 3(1/4) + 4(1/6) = 2.25

  21. Central Limit Theorem • What is the difference between the central limit theorem and the law of large numbers?

  22. Margin of Error • One sample t-interval • One proportion z-interval

  23. Free Response Questions • There will be 4 free response questions. They could include any of the following topics. - Linear Regression Test (How to read the output) Interpet slope, y-int, residuals, y=a+bx,etc…. -Probability- Are they independent? -Matched pairs t-test -2 Sample t-test -Chi-Squared Test -know Goodness of fit, Homogeneity, and Independence

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