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DIGESTIVE AND EXCRETORY SYSTEMS

DIGESTIVE AND EXCRETORY SYSTEMS. Science, Technology, & Society MR. CANOVA Period 11. THE NEED FOR FOOD. Food Energy Vitamins, Minerals, and Water. Food. The amount of energy you need depends on many factors such as age, sex, rate of growth, and physical activity.

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DIGESTIVE AND EXCRETORY SYSTEMS

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  1. DIGESTIVEAND EXCRETORY SYSTEMS Science, Technology, & Society MR. CANOVAPeriod 11

  2. THE NEED FOR FOOD Food Energy Vitamins, Minerals, and Water

  3. Food The amount of energy you need depends on many factors such as age, sex, rate of growth, and physical activity. Nutrient- a substance required by the body for: Energy Growth Repair Maintenance Digestion- The process of breaking down food into molecules the body can use. (ATP) calorie- the amount of heat energy required to raise the temperature of 1 gram of water by 1 degree Celsius Calorie (food)= 1000 calories

  4. SOURCES OF ENERGY CARBOHYDRATES: Organic compounds with Carbon, Hydrogen, and Oxygen the provide nutrients. Breads, Pasta, Grains, Cereals, Potatoes, Fruit PROTEINS: Organic compounds with one or more chains of amino acids Fish, Eggs, Poultry, Beef, Pork, Nuts, Legumes, Milk, Cheese, Tofu FATS: Organic compounds (lipids) that are insoluble in water. Act as padding and insulation Milk, Cheese, Meats, Butter,Olives, Avocados, Fried Foods, Oils, Chips

  5. Building Materials Substances that don’t provide energy, but regulate the amount released within the body. VITAMINS ORGANIC MINERALS NATURALLY OCCURING INORGANIC WATER NATURALLY OCCURING 2/3 OF BODY’S WEIGHT IS WATER OBESITY- BEING MORE THAN 20 PERCENT HEAVIER THAN YOUR IDEAL BODY WEIGHT BMI INDEX

  6. DIGESTIVE SYSTEM Food Energy Vitamins, Minerals, and Water The taking in of food, breaking it down into molecules small enough for the body to absorb, and getting rid of undigested molecules and waste IMPORTANT FACTS: STARTS AT THE MOUTH, ENDS AT THE ANUS FOOD TRAVELS MORE THAN 26 FEET HAS OVER 10 STRUCTURES INVOLVED IN THE PROCESS

  7. Beginning Digestion-PART I Mouth- Contains teeth, tongue, and saliva. Throat- Contains pharynx & esophagus (epiglottis). Stomach- Contains gastric juices to break down food.

  8. Continuing Digestion-PART II Small Intestine- Contains duodenum & absorbs nutrients from passing food. Large Intestine- Also called colon, allows the passage of wastes. Leads to the rectum.

  9. Continuing Digestion-PART III Liver and Pancreas- Not part of digestive tract but provide secretions to system Liver- Releases bile Maintains blood sugar levels Detoxifies poisons Pancreas- Also called colon, all the passage of wastes. Leads to the rectum.

  10. Excretory System This system collects and removes wastes from the body. It also maintains osmotic balance and stable pH levels by monitoring salt and water levels.

  11. EXCRETION The process that rids the body of toxic chemicals, excess water, salts, and CO2 Major Organs Lungs (CO2) Kidneys (Nitrogen waste (urea)) Skin (Water, Salts)

  12. KIDNEYS Regulate the amount of water and salts in blood plasma. Blood filter-Nephrons Tiny tubes in the kidneys that produce urine Reabsorption and secretion- Bowman’s capsule and renal tubules Urine formation- Ureters Tubes that carry urine to the urinary bladder Elimination of urine- Urethra Tube that urine leaves the body through Male (penis) Female (Vagina)

  13. Damage to the KIDNEYS Diseases Accidents Infection, Diabetes, high blood pressure, body’s own immune system Household chemicals Paint, Varnishes, Furniture oils, glues, aerosol sprays, air fresheners, lead When any of the above occur: Toxic wastes such as urea, accumulate in the plasma and blood-plasma ion levels increase to dangerous amounts.

  14. Treatment to Kidney damage 1) Kidney Dialysis or 2) Kidney Transplant

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