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Reform- Progressives- 1890’s- 1900’s

Reform- Progressives- 1890’s- 1900’s. Early programs- young, educated middle class (women)- Social Gospel- Christians services to poor Settlement houses- Jane Adams- community centers, education, health, assistance

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Reform- Progressives- 1890’s- 1900’s

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  1. Reform- Progressives- 1890’s- 1900’s • Early programs- young, educated middle class (women)- • Social Gospel- Christians services to poor • Settlement houses- Jane Adams- community centers, education, health, assistance • 1890- Sherman Anti-Trust Act- trusts illegal to interfere with free trade, impossible to enforce 4 Goals • social welfare- urban problems-YMCA, Salvation Army- feed poor, provide services, libraries, child care • moral improvement- prohibition (no alcohol), WCTU (women’s Christian Temperance), open kindergartens, visit prisons, women’s suffrage • economic reform- want govt to regulate business, Muckrakers, end corruption • efficiency- US output more efficient, assembly line

  2. Muckrakers and Reform • Journalist write about issues/ sanitation/ corruption in business and govt. in mass circulation magazines • Ida Tarbell- History of Standard Oil- Rockefellers unfair business practices • Upton Sinclair- The Jungle- unsanitary conditions of meat packing industry • Lincoln Steffens- The Shame of Cities- political machines and corruption

  3. Reform local govt/ State govt • Reform mayors (Detroit, Cleveland)/ organize city govt • natural disasters show problems- flood Ohio, Hurricane Texas • Convict political bosses of fraud • Led by governors- Robert La Follette, James Hogg- regulate big business • Limits on work, child labor- national child labor committee • Worker compensation- injury • Referendum, recall, initiative- more power to people • Direct election of public officials, senators(17th amendment) • Secret ballot (Austrailian) • Supreme court- not always helpful

  4. Women and Reform • women work- farms, domestic work (other families), industry, teachers, clerks/ office (1890 more women highschool grads) • Middle/ upper class women- higher education available- participate in reform movements- work/ living conditions, food/drug laws, education • NAWSA- National American Women’s Suffrage association- Susan B Anthony, Elizabeth Cady Stanton- 3 ways- states to grant vote, challenge supreme court, constitutional amendment

  5. Teddy Roosevelt • Rough rider (war of 1898) • Governor (NY) then Vice pres “where he could do no harm”, McKinley assassinated (1901) • Model for future presidents, bold and sure of himself, physically active, tough • President acts for good of people as long as constitution doesn’t deny it • Square Deal- good of common people • Bully Pulpit- influence public opinion, news media, shape legislation

  6. Roosevelt in Action • 1902- Coal Strike- President joins in- federal arbitration- third party decides best for both • Trustbusting- filed 44 cases, broke up several trusts • Railroads- regulate further, give power to Interstate Commerce commission • Protect Citizens, Environment • 1906- Meat Inspection Act • 1906- Pure Food and Drug Act- ban contaminated foods, truth in labels • Raise interest in pollution- 50 wildlife sanctuaries, parks (Yosemite), irrigation projects in west • Little Racial Progress- NAACP founded- National Association of the Advancement of Colored People

  7. Taft & Progressives- 1908 • Roosevelt’s shadow • Trust busting- 90 trusts • High tariffs, less conservation, lower public opinion • Republican party splits- conservative/progressive • Roosevelt returns to politics, progressive party- Bull Moose party breaks away/ split the vote • Eugene Debs- socialism • Wilson- Progressive Democrat • Taft- conservative Republican • Roosevelt- progressive Republican

  8. Wilson elected- 1912 • Break up trusts, smaller govt.- New Freedom • Federal Trade Act • Federal trade commission- monitor business, eliminate unfair business, force co. to stop • Clayton Anti-Trust Act • one co. cannot hold stock of another • Labor unions legal/ protected • Officers of co. held to laws • Reduce tariffs/ bully pulpit (public opinion) • 16th amendment- income tax • Federal Reserve- regulate currency, basis of US banking • Voting rights Women- • middle class, educated women- gain support, organize- • picket white house, democratic convention • 1920- 19th amendment • no support for racial equality

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