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Explore temperature cooling phenomena despite rising CO2 levels & debunk climate change skepticism with empirical data. Discover how urban heat islands affect climate analysis & understand the role of CO2 in the Earth's natural greenhouse effect.
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Global Warming Sceptics Bruno Tremblay McGill University bruno.tremblay@mcgill.ca
Cooling Temperature • Punta Arenas temperature record shows cooling • East Antarctica Ice Sheet show slight cooling and growth G http://data.giss.nasa.gov/gistemp/station_data/
Cooling Temperature • Punta Arenas temperature record shows cooling • East Antarctica Ice Sheet show slight cooling and growth G http://data.giss.nasa.gov/gistemp/station_data/
Urban Heat Island Effect Albany New York
Mean Earth Surface Temperature Beware of axes scale Analysis only including rural area show the same trend Analysis for windy vs non-windy day show the same results Spatial pattern of warming does not follow urbanization pattern – more warming in the polar regions.
Earth Surface Temperature Record Unreliable due to… But… Arctic sea ice extent record Mountain glacier record Snow extent record Ocean temperature record • Urban Heat Island Effect
Cretaceous [CO2] was higher than today • Why worry then?
Solar Output and Climate Change No trend in any solar indices, if anything there was a slight negative trend. The difference between solar minimum and maximum in the 11-year solar cycle is 10 times smaller than the effect of Greenhouse gas
CO2 Atmosphere composition Football field 85.0 yards 107.8 yard 108.9 yards 109.99 yards 1.5 inch • N2: 77.31% • O2: 20.74% • Ar: 0.92% • H20: 0.99% • CO2: 0.038%
CO2 is not a dominant GHG The natural greenhouse effect keeps the earth surface 33 C warmer than it would otherwise be. 50% of the greenhouse effect is due to water vapor, 25% is due to clouds, and the remaining 20% is due to CO2