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Settling the West

Settling the West. Causes and Effects of settling. Cause. Effect. Discovery of Gold in CA & Colorado 1849 -1858. Discovery drew tens of thousands of miners to the west and led to the growth of mining camps and frontier towns. Cause. Effect. Land grants given to the railroads.

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Settling the West

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  1. Settling the West

  2. Causes and Effects of settling Cause Effect • Discovery of Gold in CA & Colorado • 1849 -1858 • Discovery drew tens of thousands of miners to the west and led to the growth of mining camps and frontier towns

  3. Cause Effect • Land grants given to the railroads • Railroad companies sold frontier land to farmers at low prices • Railroad companies recruited Europeans as well to buy and farm frontier land

  4. Cause Effect • Homestead Act & related laws passed in 1870’s • Homestead Act offered 160 acres of land free to anyone who would cultivate it for five years • Similar acts offered land cheaply or for free in states such as Kansas and Oklahoma • Also offered in AZ territory

  5. Why would technology be important here?

  6. Cause Effect • Inventions & improvements in farm technology • Increased farm productivity by decreasing the amount of effort and time required to produce farm goods

  7. Cause Effect • Morrill Land Grant Acts & Hatch Acts • Supported farmers by financing agricultural education and research in farm technology and methodology

  8. Causes Expansion of railroads, discoveries of gold, farming • Rapid population growth in the Great Plains (N./S. Dakota, Wyoming, Montana, Nebraska)

  9. Causes • Constant displacement of Native Americans to reservations • Increase in numbers of western settlers

  10. What hardships can you think of?

  11. Hardships faced by frontier farmers • Obtaining enough good land to support family • Bad weather (droughts, floods,blizzards) • Raids by outlaws & Native Americans • Self-sufficient for clothing and medical care • Financial problems (debt, bankruptcy, fluctuating prices, rising costs of shipping & equipment)

  12. Key Aspects • Homesteader- Settler of the free land • “Soddy”- Home settlers lived in; dugout sod homes made from grass/dirt • Bonanza farm- Enormous single-crop spreads of 15,000-50,000 acres. • Populist Party- Political movement for “the people”, demanded reforms for farmers & workers. -Major feature of party platform: “the right to work”

  13. Fort Laramie Treaty • 1851 • Treaty between the US Government and Plains tribes that agreed upon land in the Dakotas • Did not last long and when government discovered gold and other valuable resources, wars ensued.

  14. Sand Creek Massacre • 1864, Cheyenne Tribe • Disputes with government over land and control over planes territory • Military slaughter around 150 defenseless Native Americans in the Colorado Sand Creek • Among killed were old men, women, and children

  15. Little Bighorn • 1876 • Aka- Custer’s last stand • Fight between Government and Sioux/Cheyenne forces • Natives beat the US in one of the greatest victories for the Indians during the Indian Wars • General Custer is killed along with many of his troops

  16. Wounded Knee • 1890 • Between US and South Dakota Sioux • 2 weeks after Sitting Bull was killed • Final major battle ends Plains Indian culture in the name of gold, land, and resources

  17. Soddy House

  18. Bonanza Farm

  19. Causes and Effects of Westward Expansion Causes Effects • Gold, Homestead Act, Railroads, Growing Cattle Industry, Farming, Economic Independence • Railroad, Displacement of Native Americans to reservations, barbed wire

  20. What drew people to Arizona? • Gold and Copper mining • Ranching & Cattle • Coal mining

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